Southern California

Southern California
Southern California Images top from bottom, left to right: San Diego Skyline, Downtown Los Angeles, Village of La Jolla, Santa Monica Pier, Surfer at Black's Beach, Hollywood Sign, Disneyland, Hermosa Beach Pier
Southern California counties marked in red
Country	United States
State	California
Largest city	Los Angeles
Population (2010)	22,680,010

Southern California is the region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties.^[1][2] Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The region stretches along the coast from about San Luis Obispo County to the United States and Mexico border, and from the Pacific Ocean inland to the Nevada and Arizona borders. The heavily built-up urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area, the Inland Empire and down to San Diego. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States.

The 10-county definition is not used for the Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.^[3]

Southern California's population encompasses eight metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Bakersfield metropolitan area; the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over 4 million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60% of California's population.

To the east of southern California are the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with the state of Arizona and the Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada. To the south lies the international border with Mexico, and to the west lies the Pacific Ocean.

Significance

San Diego Marina district

Sunset in Venice, a district in Los Angeles

Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas.^[4] With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.

Three Arch Bay in Laguna was named after the shape seen to form the Three Arches this exclusive area is named after. The square pool, filled by Ocean Water was built in 1929 by director & producer Edward H. Griffith. This entire community was sold, originally in 1926 for $135,000.00.

Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States and all five are the top 5 most populous counties in California.^[5] The region is also home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport, the world's busiest general aviation airport; major commercial airports at Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach; and numerous smaller commercial and general aviation airports. Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles, the United States' busiest commercial port; the adjacent Port of Long Beach, the United States' second busiest container port; and the Port of San Diego. Also of note in the region is the freeway system, which is the world's busiest. Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly.

University of California, Santa Barbara

The Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned research universities and other public and private institutions. Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California State University campuses (Bakersfield, Channel Islands, Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Northridge, Pomona, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Marcos, and San Luis Obispo); and private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, the Claremont Colleges (Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, Pitzer College, Pomona College, and Scripps College), Loma Linda University, Loyola Marymount University, Occidental College, Pepperdine University, University of Redlands, University of San Diego, and the University of Southern California.

Universal Studios at Hollywood

The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in Southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry. Headquartered in Southern California are The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies as well.

Southern California is also home to a large home grown surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, and Body Glove are all headquartered here. Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk, professional surfers Rob Machado, Tim Curran, Bobby Martinez, Pat O'Connell, Dane Reynolds, and Chris Ward, and professional snowboarder Shaun White live in southern California. Some of the world's legendary surf spots are in southern California as well, including Trestles, Rincon, The Wedge, Huntington Beach, and Malibu, and it is second only to the island of Oahu in terms of famous surf breaks. Some of the world's biggest extreme sports events, including the X Games,^[6] Boost Mobile Pro,^[7] and the U.S. Open of Surfing are all in southern California. Southern California is also important to the world of yachting. The annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachting's premier events. The San Diego Yacht Club held the America's Cup, the most prestigious prize in yachting, from 1988 to 1995 and hosted three America's Cup races during that time.

Southern California is home to many sports franchises and sports networks such as Fox Sports Net. Professional teams that are located in the region include the Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres, Los Angeles Kings, Bakersfield Condors, Anaheim Ducks, Los Angeles Galaxy, Chivas USA, and San Diego Chargers. However, Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States, does not have an NFL team. Southern California also is home to a number of popular NCAA sports programs such as the UCLA Bruins, the USC Trojans, and the San Diego State Aztecs.

Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.

Northern boundary of Southern California

California counties below the thirty sixth standard parallel

The famous Andaz West Hollywood Hotel on the Sunset Strip

"Southern California" is not a formal geographic designation, and definitions of what constitutes Southern California vary. Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term. When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term "Southern California" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state. This definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.

Though there is no official definition for the northern boundary of southern California, such a division has existed from the time when Mexico ruled California, and political disputes raged between the Californios of Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California. Following the acquisition of California by the United States, the division continued as part of the attempt by several pro-slavery politicians to arrange the division of Alta California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise. Instead, the passing of the Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state.

Subsequently, Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated "Cow Counties" of southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California. The last attempt, the Pico Act of 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller. It was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 75% of voters in the proposed Territory of Colorado. This territory was to include all the counties up to the then much larger Tulare County (that included what is now Kings, most of Kern, and part of Inyo counties) and San Luis Obispo County. The proposal was sent to Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham. However, the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the proposal never coming to a vote.^[8][9]

In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California as including "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara." In 1999, the Times added a newer county—Imperial—to that list.^[10]

The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California, choose to simplify matters by dividing the state along the lines where their jurisdictions for membership apply, as either northern or southern California, in contrast to the three-region point of view. Another influence is the geographical phrase South of the Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range, but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region due to their remoteness from the central valley and interior desert landscape.

Urban landscape

Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of Southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.

Traveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton. The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire. To the east, the United States Census Bureau considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas, Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County. While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties, there are some differences in development, as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (the non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. Newly developed exurbs formed in the Antelope Valley north of Los Angeles, the Victor Valley and the Coachella Valley with the Imperial Valley. Also, population growth was high in the Bakersfield-Kern County, Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas.

The Downtown Los Angeles skyline seen at sunset on an October day. At 1,018 feet (310 m), 73 floors, the U.S. Bank Tower stands as the West Coast's tallest building since 1989.

Natural landscape

Proctor Valley in Chula Vista

Autumn in Southern California.

Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes in a diversity outnumbering other major regions in the state and country. The region spans from Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains, through the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks, into the large and small interior valleys, to the vast deserts of California.

Introductory categories include:

• Category: Beaches of Southern California
• Category: Mountain ranges of Southern California
• Category: Rivers of Southern California
• Category: Deserts of California
• Category: Parks in Southern California

Geography

Satellite view of southern California, including the Channel Islands

Southern California is also divided into:

• the Coastal Region. densely populated with more affluence than inland areas. This region includes the coastal interior valleys west of the coastal mountains with all of Orange County and portions of San Diego, Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties
  • A related floristic province term is the Cismontane Region on the coastal side of the Transverse and Peninsular mountain ranges, with the term "southern California" popularly referring to this more populated and visited zone.
• the Desert Region, larger and sparsely populated, with portions of Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Imperial, and San Diego counties. The division between the Coastal Region and the Inland Empire/Imperial Valley winds along the backs of the coastal mountain ranges such as the Santa Ana Mountains.
  • A related floristic province term is the Transmontane Region on the rain shadow side of the same mountain ranges, with the term "southern California" including this zone geographically and when distinguishing all the 'southland' from northern California.

Geographic features

View from La Jolla Cove in San Diego.

Peaks in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains, Angeles National Forest, San Bernardino County.

Yucca Valley after a winter storm in the Morongo Basin.

Ocean Beach Sunset in San Diego.

Geology

Earthquakes

Northridge earthquake shake map

Each year, the southern California area has about 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.0, and only about 15–20 are greater than magnitude 4.0.^[21] The magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake was particularly destructive, causing a substantial number of deaths, injuries, and structural collapses. It caused the most property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history, estimated at over $20 billion.^[22]

Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone.

Regions

Divisions

Salton Sea in the Coachella Valley.

The Oceanside Pier on the San Diego County coast.

Southern California is divided culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere, anchored usually by a city with both national and sometimes global recognition, which are often the hub of economic activity for its respective region and being home to many tourist destinations. Each region is further divided into many culturally distinct areas but as a whole combine to create the southern California atmosphere.

• Coastal Southern California
  • Southern Central Coast
  • Ventura County
    • Oxnard Plain
  • Los Angeles Basin
  • Orange County
  • San Diego County
• Inland Southern California
  • Kern County
  • Imperial Valley
  • Inland Empire
    • San Bernardino County
      • High Desert (Section)*
      • Morongo Basin*
      • San Bernardino Valley
    • Riverside County
      • Coachella Valley*
      • Low Desert (Section)*
• Deserts of California
  • High Desert*
    • Antelope Valley
    • Morongo Basin*
    • eastern Kern County
  • Low Desert*
    • Coachella Valley*
    • Lower Colorado River Valley
    • Imperial County
      • Imperial Valley
    • Palo Verde Valley

*Part of multiple regions

Populace

Downtown San Bernardino

As of the 2010 United States Census, southern California has a population of 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s as California's growth became concentrated in the northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area and an emerging Greater Sacramento region.

Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,419, and San Diego–Tijuana at 5,105,768.^[23][24] Of these metropolitan areas, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area, and Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area form Greater Los Angeles;^[25] while the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region.^[26][27] North of Greater Los Angeles are the Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Bakersfield metropolitan areas.

Cities

Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people), both in southern California, are the two largest cities in all of California (and two of the eight largest cities in the United States). In southern California there are also twelve cities with more than 200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000 in population. Many of southern California's most developed cities lie along or in close proximity to the coast, with the exception of San Bernardino and Riverside.

Counties

• Imperial
• Kern
• Los Angeles
• Orange
• Riverside
• San Bernardino
• San Diego
• San Luis Obispo
• Santa Barbara
• Ventura

Economy

Industries

Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum, as opposed to other regions where automobiles not nearly as dominant, the vast majority of transport runs on this fuel. Southern California is famous for tourism and Hollywood (film, television, and music). Other industries include software, automotive, ports, finance, tourism, biomedical, and regional logistics. The region was a leader in the housing bubble 2001–2007, and has been heavily impacted by the housing crash.

Since the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands was turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace continues to be a major factor.^[28]

Major central business districts

Irvine Taco Bell Headquarters

Southern California is home to many major business districts. Central business districts (CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.

Within the Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself has many business districts including the Downtown Los Angeles central business district as well as those lining the Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley.

The San Bernardino-Riverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside.

Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts; as well as the Irvine business centers of The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center and Jamboree Business Parks.

Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City. Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.

Theme parks and waterparks

Disneyland in Anaheim.

Los Angeles

• Universal Studios Hollywood
• Six Flags Magic Mountain
• Six Flags Hurricane Harbor
• Raging Waters San Dimas
• Pacific Park
• Dry Town Water Park

Orange County

• Disneyland
• Disney California Adventure
• Knott's Berry Farm
• Knott's Soak City

Riverside & San Bernardino

• Castle Park
• Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs
• Splash Kingdom Waterpark
• Scandia

San Diego

• Legoland California
• SeaWorld San Diego
• Belmont Park
• Aquatica San Diego
• Legoland Waterpark
• San Diego Zoo

Vinyard-Winery AVA districts

California wine AVA-American Viticultural Areas in southern California:

Transportation

One of the large LAX signs that greet visitors to LAX. This sign is at the Century Boulevard entrance to Los Angeles International Airport

See: Category: Transportation in Southern California

Airports

The following airports currently have regularly scheduled commercial service:

Freeways and highways

I-10, 215 Interchange traffic, downtown San Bernardino.

California State Routes

Sign	Freeways and State Route
	Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) Lincoln Boulevard Sepulveda Boulevard Oxnard Boulevard Coast Highway Camino las Ramblas	State Route 1
	Angeles Crest Highway Glendale Freeway Santa Monica Boulevard Alvarado Street Glendale Boulevard	State Route 2
	Antelope Valley Freeway	State Route 14
	Waterman Avenue	State Route 18
	Rosemead Boulevard Lakewood Boulevard	State Route 19
	Seventh Street Garden Grove Freeway	State Route 22
	Decker Road Decker Canyon Road Mulholland Highway Westlake Boulevard	State Route 23
	Topanga Canyon Boulevard	State Route 27
	Ojai Freeway	State Route 33
		State Route 38
	San Gabriel Canyon Road Azusa Avenue Whittier Boulevard Beach Boulevard	State Route 39
	Manchester Ave Manchester Boulevard Firestone Boulevard	State Route 42
	Terminal Island Freeway Seaside Avenue Vincent Thomas Bridge	State Route 47
	Soledad Freeway	State Route 52
	South Bay Freeway Filipino-American Highway	State Route 54
	Costa Mesa Freeway Newport Boulevard	State Route 55
	Ted Williams Freeway	State Route 56
	Orange Freeway	State Route 57
	Pomona Freeway Moreno Valley Freeway	State Route 60
	Foothill Boulevard E Street	State Route 66
	Julian Road San Vicente Freeway	State Route 67
	Corona Expressway Chino Valley Freeway	State Route 71
	Whittier Boulevard	State Route 72
	San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridor (toll road)	State Route 73
	Ortega Highway Pines to Palms Highway[29]	State Route 74
	San Diego-Coronado Bridge Silver Strand Boulevard	State Route 75
	Mission Avenue Pala Road Cuyamaca Highway	State Route 76
	Vista Freeway San Pasqual Valley Road	State Route 78
	Winchester Road Temecula Parkway Firefighter Steven Rucker Memorial Highway	State Route 79
	Euclid Avenue	State Route 83
	Indio Boulevard	State Route 86
	Marina Freeway Imperial Highway Richard Nixon Freeway	State Route 90
	Artesia Boulevard Gardena Freeway Artesia Freeway Riverside Freeway	State Route 91
	Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway Campo Road	State Route 94
	Hawthorne Boulevard	State Route 107
	Pasadena Freeway	State Route 110
	Grapefruit Boulevard	State Route 111
	Ronald Reagan Freeway	State Route 118
	La Mesa Freeway	State Route 125
	Santa Paula Freeway	State Route 126
	Eastern Transportation Corridor (toll road) Laguna Canyon Road	State Route 133
	Ventura Freeway	State Route 134
		State Route 138
	Carbon Canyon Road Chino Hills Parkway	State Route 142
	Cabrillo Freeway	State Route 163
	Hollywood Freeway Highland Avenue	State Route 170
	Pierce Street	State Route 195
	Catalina Boulevard Canon Street Rosecrans Street	State Route 209
	Foothill Freeway	State Route 210
	Western Avenue	State Route 213
	Foothill Eastern Transportation Corridor (toll road)	State Route 241
	State Route 259 Freeway	State Route 259
	Balboa Avenue	State Route 274
	3rd/4th Street	State Route 282
	Cahuilla Road	State Route 371
	Otay Mesa Freeway Otay Mesa Road	State Route 905
Note: highway segments with names listed in italics are surface streets and not freeways.

Interstate Highways

Sign	Freeways and Interstate
	Golden State Freeway Santa Ana Freeway San Diego Freeway Montgomery Freeway	Interstate 5
	Ocean Beach Freeway Mission Valley Freeway	Interstate 8
	Santa Monica (Rosa Parks) Freeway Golden State Freeway San Bernardino Freeway Indio (Dr. June McCarroll) Freeway Blythe Freeway	Interstate 10
	Mojave Freeway Barstow Freeway Ontario Freeway Corona Freeway Temecula Valley Freeway Escondido Freeway	Interstate 15
	Century (Glenn Anderson) Freeway	Interstate 105
	Harbor Freeway	Interstate 110
	Foothill Freeway	Interstate 210
	Barstow Freeway San Bernardino Freeway Moreno Valley Freeway Escondido Freeway	Interstate 215
	San Diego Freeway	Interstate 405
	San Gabriel River Freeway	Interstate 605
	Long Beach Freeway	Interstate 710
	Jacob Dekema Freeway	Interstate 805
	Future Interstate 905	Interstate 905

U.S. Highway system

Sign	Freeways and US Route
		U.S. Route 6
		U.S. Route 95
	Ventura Freeway Hollywood Freeway Santa Ana Freeway El Camino Real	U.S. Route 101
		U.S. Route 395

Public transportation

See: Category: Public transportation in Southern California

Communication

Map of some major area codes in Greater Los Angeles

Telephone area codes

Colleges and universities

Parks and recreation areas

• Numerous parks provide recreation and open-space, some locations include:

Sports

Los Angeles is the largest metropolitan area in the United States without a National Football League team.^[30] From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles — the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA — that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals. However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2017.

College sports are also popular in Southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 conference, and there is a longtime rivalry between the schools.

Rugby is also a growing sport in Southern California, particularly at the high school level, with increasing numbers of schools adding rugby as an official school sport.^[31]

See also

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern California.

• Southern California travel guide from Wikivoyage
• California Historical Society Collection, 1860-1960 - USC Libraries Digital Collections
• Historical Society of Southern California

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Coordinates: 34°00′N 117°00′W / 34.000°N 117.000°W / 34.000; -117.000