South African Class 10 4-6-2

The South African Class 10 4-6-2 of 1904 is a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Transvaal.

In 1904 the Central South African Railways placed fifteen Class 10 steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in service. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered but retained their Class 10 classification.^[4][5]

Manufacturer

Fifteen 4-6-2 Pacific type passenger locomotives, designed by Central South African Railways (CSAR) Chief Locomotive Superintendent P.A. Hyde, were ordered from the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) and delivered in 1904, numbered in the range from 650 to 664. They had plate frames, wide Belpaire fireboxes, outside admission piston valves and Walschaerts valve gear, and were superheated. They were classified as Class 10 by the CSAR.^[5][6]

Features

At the time, the Class 10 was of an extremely advanced design. At 7 feet 4 inches (2.235 metres) above rail level, its boiler centre line was higher than that of any other locomotive in service in South Africa at the time.^[5]

They were to form the basis for further development of the Pacific type that was to become the standard express passenger steam locomotive type in South Africa. They were handsome locomotives and their appearance was enhanced by the use of planished steel plates to cover the boiler and cylinder lagging, and they were equipped with two whistles of different tones and a steam turbine generator to power the "Edwards" headlight.^[7]

South African Railways

The Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, in terms of the South Africa Act, enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. One of the clauses in the Act required that the three Colonial Government railways, the Cape Government Railways, the Natal Government Railways and the CSAR, also be united under one single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. While the South African Railways (SAR) came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.^[4][8]

When these locomotives were assimilated into the SAR in 1912, they retained the Class 10 classification, but were renumbered in the range from 732 to 746.^[4][5][6]

Modifications

Two of the locomotives were later modified by the SAR. Number 745 was equipped with 1 inch (25.4 millimetres) larger diameter tyres on its coupled wheels, while number 746 was altered to suit a Type MP1 tender as well as the other listed permissible tender types. While the Type MP1 tender had the same coal capacity as the Type XM2 that the locomotives were delivered with, it had a 250 imperial gallons (1,100 litres) larger water capacity.^[3]

The rest of the fleet remained unmodified and, unlike their Class 10A, 10B and 10C successors, were never reboilered with Watson Standard boilers.^[3]

Service

The Class 10 was designed for use on the newly laid 80 pounds per yard (40 kilograms per metre) track of the CSAR, and it was placed in service hauling the fast passenger trains out of Johannesburg to Volksrust on the Natal line and to Klerksdorp on the Cape line. In later years some were relocated to work in the Noupoort area, while the rest were relegated to suburban work on the lines from Germiston to Kliprivier and the Springs-Nigel-Heidelberg branch, or for pick-up work on the Braamfontein-Klerksdorp line.^[5][6]

In 1961 they went to Port Elizabeth, initially to be used on the Uitenhage suburban and finally as shunting engines, until they were scrapped between 1971 and 1972 after 68 years in service.^[5][6]

Sides illustrated

The main picture and the following show both sides of the Class 10 locomotive.

• 

  CSAR Class 10 no. 651, SAR no. 733, circa 1907

• 

  SAR no. 741 on a playing card

See also

• List of South African locomotive classes
• South African Class 10A 4-6-2
• South African Class 10B 4-6-2
• South African Class 10C 4-6-2
• South African Class 10D 4-6-2
• South African locomotive history
• Tender locomotive numbering and classification
• The 4-6-2 "Pacific"

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: South African Class 10 (4-6-2)

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