South African Class 10C 4-6-2

The South African Class 10C 4-6-2 of 1910 is a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Transvaal.

In 1910 the Central South African Railways placed twelve Class 10-C 4-6-2 Pacific type steam locomotives in service. When the South African Railways was established in 1912, these locomotives were renumbered and reclassified to Class 10C.^[3][5]

Manufacturer

In 1910 twelve light 4-6-2 Pacific type passenger locomotives were placed in service by the Central South African Railways (CSAR). Designed by G.G. Elliot, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the CSAR, they were built along similar lines to the Class 10-2 that had been delivered to the CSAR in that same year, but they were slightly smaller and with smaller coupled wheels.^[3][5]

They were built for the CSAR by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) and were classified as Class 10-C, numbered in the range from 1003 to 1014. As built, they used saturated steam and had Belpaire fireboxes and Walschaerts valve gear.^[3][5][6]

Renumbering

The Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, in terms of the South Africa Act, enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. One of the clauses in the Act required that the three Colonial Government railways, the Cape Government Railways, the Natal Government Railways and the CSAR, also be united under one single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. While the South African Railways (SAR) came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.^[4][7]

In 1912 these locomotives were renumbered in the range from 767 to 778 and reclassified to Class 10C on the SAR.^[3]

Modifications

Superheating and tenders

They were intended for light workings on the Reef and were delivered with comparatively small tenders with a coal capacity of 6 long tons (6.1 tonnes) and 2,600 imperial gallons (12,000 litres) of water, but since they were soon found to be capable of handling mainline passenger trains, an order for new larger Type XM2 tenders was placed with Robert Stephenson and Company. Their new tenders, with works numbers D1540/1 to D1540/12, were numbered N1 to N12.^[3]

In order to enhance their performance in their new role as mainline locomotives, these locomotives were soon reboilered and equipped with superheaters, but they retained their Class 10C classification.^[3]

Watson standard boilers

In the 1930s many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.^[2][5]

All but two of the Class 10C locomotives, numbers 772 and 776, were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 1 boilers and reclassified to Class 10CR.^[2][5]

An obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of the Class 10CR locomotives an even more obvious visual difference was the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives.^[2]

The table lists the locomotive and tender works numbers, the CSAR to SAR renumbering and the tender numbers for the Class 10C and 10CR locomotives.^[3]

Service

The Class 10C was placed in service on light workings on the Reef. In March 1922 one of them, number 775 with a new larger tender, worked a special Johannesburg-Cape Town fast passenger train over the Klerksdorp-Kimberley section. The locomotive covered the 182 miles (293 kilometres) with the 320 long tons (325.1 tonnes) train in 5 hours 55 minutes, including 34 minutes that were lost taking water and attending to a hot running big-end bearing, attaining an average speed of 33.75 miles per hour (54 kilometres per hour). This was a creditable performance for a comparatively small locomotive with only 57 inches (1,450 millimetres) coupled wheels and which, at the time, was not yet superheated.^[3]

With the new larger tenders they were therefore put to work on the Kimberley-Klerksdorp line. When this line was eventually relaid with heavier rails, they were displaced by larger and more powerful locomotives and transferred to Cape Town, where most of the Class 10CR worked the local inter-urban services until they were later relegated to shunting and goods pickup work for the rest of their years.^[3][5]

Two Class 10C locomotives went to Bloemfontein to assist with shunting. After the entire Class was withdrawn in 1973, number 771 was sold to Lorraine gold mine in the Free State. After being retired from mine service, it was obtained by Sandstone Estates in 2011 for restoration.^[5]

Sides illustrated

The main picture shows Watson Standard reboilered Class 10CR no. 778, with a large dome, passing through Woltemade No. 4 near Cape Town, circa 1930. Woltemade No. 4 no longer exists and was situated between the present day Thornton and Goodwood stations on the line from Cape Town to Bellville. The pictures below show different sides of the Class and also illustrate the differences in their appearance over their lifespan.

• 

  Class 10C and crew on the old Cape Town turntable, circa 1930

• 

  Belpaire firebox Class 10C no. 776 and crew, circa 1930

• 

  1930's Railway Circle photographers with Class 10C no. 777, circa 1932

• 

  Class 10C departing from Woltemade No. 1 towards Cape Town, circa 1933

• 

  Class 10CR reboilered with a Watson Standard no. 1 boiler, circa 1970 judging by the sealed beam automobile headlights

See also

• List of South African locomotive classes
• South African Class 10 4-6-2
• South African Class 10A 4-6-2
• South African Class 10B 4-6-2
• South African Class 10D 4-6-2
• South African locomotive history
• Tender locomotive numbering and classification
• The 4-6-2 "Pacific"
• Watson Standard boilers

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: South African Class 10C (4-6-2)

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