Sophophora

Sophophora
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Drosophilidae
Subfamily: Drosophilinae
Genus: Drosophila
Subgenus: Sophophora
Sturtevant, 1939
Type species
Drosophila melanogaster
Meigen, 1830
species groups

The paraphyletic subgenus Sophophora of the genus Drosophila was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939.[1] It contains the best known drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster. Sophophora translates as carrier (phora) of wisdom (sophos). The subgenus is paraphyletic because the genus Lordiphosa[2][3] and the species Hirtodrosophila duncani[4][5] are also placed within this subgenus.

Phylogeny

Sophophora
Old World



 melanogaster species  group



 montium species group





 ananassae species group



 fima species group





 obscura species group



New World


 willistoni species group



 saltans species group




 Lordiphosa



 Hirtodrosophila duncani




Currently, ten species groups are recognized, in two main groups, the New World and the Old World[5][6][7]

Old World:

New World:

Unknown:

References

  1. Sturtevant, A. H. (1939). On the subdivision of the genus Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25, 137–141.
  2. Katoh, T., Tamura, K. & Aotsuka, T. (2000). Phylogenetic position of the subgenus Lordiphosa of the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) inferred from alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 51, 122–130.
  3. Hu, Y.-G. & Toda, M. J. (2001). Polyphyly of Lordiphosa and its relationships in Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Systematic Entomology 26, 15–31.
  4. O'Grady, P. & DeSalle, R. (2008). Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Biology Letters 4, 195-199.
  5. 5.0 5.1 van der Linde, K., Houle, D., Spicer, G. S. & Steppan, S. J. (2010). A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae. Genetics Research 92, 25-38.
  6. Bächli, G. (1999-2010). TaxoDros: The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available at http://taxodros.unizh.ch/
  7. Da Lage, J.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Maczkowiak, F., Silvain, J.-F., Cariou, M.-L. & Lachaise, D. (2007). A phylogeny of Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the Drosophila melanogaster species group boundaries. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 45, 47–63.