Sojitz
 | |
| Public KK | |
| Traded as | TYO: 2768 |
| Industry | Conglomerate (Sogo shosha) |
| Founded | August 2004 |
| Headquarters | Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan |
Key people |
Yutaka Kase, Chairman Yoji Sato, President & CEO |
| Revenue |
 \3,956 billion (2012) |
|
\14.3 billion (2012) | |
Number of employees | 15,922 (2013) |
| Website | Official website |
Sojitz Corporation (Japanese: 双日株式会社 Hepburn: Sōjitsu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a sogo shosha (general trading company) based in Tokyo, Japan. It is engaged in a wide range of businesses globally, including buying, selling, importing, and exporting goods, manufacturing and selling products, providing services, and planning and coordinating projects, in Japan and overseas. Sojitz also invests in various sectors and conducts financing activities. The broad range of sectors in which Sojitz operates includes automobiles, energy, mineral resources, chemicals, foodstuff resources, agricultural and forestry resources, consumer goods, and industrial parks.
Sojitz was formed in 2004 by the merger of Nissho Iwai Corporation (日商岩井株式会社 Nisshō Iwai Kabushiki-gaisha) and Nichimen Corporation (ニチメン株式会社 Nichimen Kabushiki-gaisha).[1] The name "Sojitz" is derived from the names of Nissho Iwai and Nichimen, both of which include the character "日" (sun). "Sojitz," literally meaning "twin suns", implies a merger of equals between the two companies. The corporate logo is a stylized version of the first character in its Japanese name.[2]
History
Nichimen
Beginning around 1878, the Japanese government promoted the development of cotton spinning as an initial means of developing modern industry in Japan in the wake of the Meiji Restoration. Japan's native raw cotton supply proved inadequate to meet demand, and there was only one Japanese importer of raw cotton at the time, making the industry highly reliant on foreign merchants. To improve this situation, a group of spinning companies established Japan Cotton Trading Co., Ltd. (日本綿花株式会社 Nippon Menka Kabushiki Kaisha) in Osaka in 1892 under the leadership of Tsuneki Sano, a 38-year-old former government official.[3]
After the Russo-Japanese War, Nichimen expanded its business from importing. The company began cotton spinning operations in Manchuria and established offices in China, Korea, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom to supply local markets. In 1910, Nichimen opened a subsidiary in Fort Worth, Texas to enter the raw cotton trade in the United States. World War I strained cotton supply in Europe, boosting Nichimen's international business further. In the late 1910s the company expanded into South America and Africa, trading in cotton as well as wool, food products, and machinery.[4]
The Great Depression harmed Nichimen's cotton business, spurring the company's diversification beyond cotton to trade in silk, rayon and other materials. During World War II, Nichimen was tapped by the Japanese military to manage production of flour, matches and starch. The company changed its name to Nichimen Enterprise (Nichimen Jitsugyo) in 1943 to reflect its more diverse business.[4]
The largest zaibatsu trading companies were dismantled after the war, giving Nichimen an early lead among the sogo shosha in the 1950s and a six percent share of Japanese foreign trade by 1958. Nichimen became closely affiliated with Osaka-based Sanwa Bank in 1955, which financed all of Nichimen's domestic business. Nichimen was not the main trading company for the Sanwa keiretsu as that position was already held by Iwai & Co. Nichimen Jitsugyo renamed itself Nichimen Co., Ltd. in 1957.[4]
By 1970, Nichimen was trading in steel, electronics, motor vehicles and fibers in addition to textiles. Nichimen served as the joint venture partner for Nabisco when it began operations in Japan in the 1970s. Nichimen Co., Ltd. changed its name to Nichimen Corporation in 1982. Nichimen, like other sogo shosha, was hit hard by the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble in the early 1990s, and subsequently made a strategic shift from the "soft" businesses of lumber, food, and chemicals trading to the "hard" businesses of machinery, steel, and construction.[4]
Nissho Iwai
Nissho Iwai was formed in 1968 by the merger of Nissho Company and Iwai Sangyo Company.[5]
Nissho Company was founded in Kobe in 1902 as Suzuki & Company under the leadership of Iwajiro Suzuki and Naokichi Kaneko. Suzuki was originally a sugar trading firm but later diversified into flour, steel, tobacco, beer, insurance, shipping and shipbuilding; it became the second Japanese member of the Baltic Exchange in London. Iwai & Company was founded as a steel trading firm in 1901 and established a number of prominent group enterprises including Daicel, Nisshin Steel, Tokuyama Soda, Kansai Paint and Fuji Photo Film. It changed its name to Iwai Sangyo Company in 1943.[5]
Both Nissho and Iwai emerged as metals and machinery trading companies after World War II but were significantly smaller than the four largest sogo shosha competitors (Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsui & Co., Itochu and Marubeni). Iwai was poorly managed after the war and was on the brink of failure in the early 1960s, while Nissho was profitable and successfully expanding overseas. The Japanese government directed the merger of the two companies in 1968, forming the fifth largest trading company in Japan (falling back to sixth place in 1972 behind Sumitomo Corporation).[6] Sanwa Bank played a role in the merger and the combined firm became the trading arm of the Sanwa Group keiretsu.[7]
Nissho Iwai was involved in a corruption scandal in 1979 after it passed on a 500 million yen bribe from McDonnell Douglas to the director general of the Japan Defense Agency in an attempt to influence the sale of F-4 Phantom aircraft to the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. In the wake of the scandal, one Nissho Iwai executive committed suicide by jumping from the company's headquarters building. The scandal was uncovered only three years after a similar scandal involving Lockheed and Marubeni conspiring to bribe Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.[8]
In subsequent years, the company had a strong focus on liquefied natural gas and steel trading, as well as industrial project development.[6]
Merger
Nichimen and Nissho Iwai consolidated on a holding company level in 2003 and consolidated their operating units in 2004, adopting the Sojitz name at that time. The merged holding company, Sojitz Holdings, combined with the merged operating company, Sojitz Corporation, in 2005.[1]
Current operations
Today, the Sojitz Group consists of approximately 440 subsidiaries and affiliates located in Japan and throughout the world, and it is developing its wide-ranging general trading company operations in roughly 50 countries and regions across the globe.
In November 2010, it signed an agreement with the Australian rare earths mining company Lynas to import $350 million worth of rare earth minerals from Linas's mine in Mount Weld, Australia.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "History". Sojitz Corporation. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ "「双日」の由来". ブランド・社名・ロゴマーク由来辞典. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
「双日」と言う社名は、同社の母体となった「ニチメン（日綿實業）」及び「日商岩井」が、ともに「日」を頭文字とする商社2社であったことに由来している。また、「双日」の「双」はお客様や社会と同社グループとの固いパートナーシップを表し、「日」には太陽のようなエネルギーに満ちた企業グループを実現するという意志が込められており、「双日」という全体を通じて、「お客様や社会とともに成長し、輝かしい未来を実現していこう」という熱い思いが表現されている。
- ↑ "History of Nichimen Corporation". Sojitz Corporation. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Nichimen Corporation History". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 24. St. James Press, 1999. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "History of Nissho Iwai". Sojitz Corporation. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "NISSHO IWAI K.K. History". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 1. St. James Press, 1988. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ Suzuki, Shinichi (2006). The Japanese Main Bank System: A Transaction Cost Approach. ProQuest. pp. 108–109.
- ↑ Large, Stephen S. (1998). Shōwa Japan: 1973-1989. Taylor & Francis. p. 50.
- ↑ Tabuchi, Hiroko (November 24, 2010). "Japanese Firm in Rare Earths Deal With Australian Miner". The New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2011.