Siphonopidae
| Siphonopidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Siphonops annulatus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Gymnophiona |
| Family: | Siphonopidae Bonaparte, 1850 |
| Genera | |
|
Brasilotyphlus | |
The Siphonopidae are the family of common caecilians. They are found in Central and South America. Like other caecilians, they superficially resemble worms or snakes.
They are the sister group to Dermophiidae, also of South America. Siphonopids are oviparous caecilians, meaning they lay eggs. They have imperforated stapes and no inner mandibular teeth. Like species of some other caecilian families, their skulls have relatively few bones, with those present being fused to form a solid ram to aid in burrowing through the soil. The mouth is recessed beneath the snout, and there is no tail.[1]
Species
- Genus Brasilotyphlus – Brazilian caecilians
- Genus Caecilita
- Caecilita iwokramae
- Genus Luetkenotyphlus – São Paulo caecilian
- Luetkenotyphlus brasiliensis
- Genus Microcaecilia – tiny caecilians
- Microcaecilia albiceps
- Microcaecilia dermatophaga[2]
- Microcaecilia grandis
- Microcaecilia rabei
- Microcaecilia supernumeraria
- Microcaecilia taylori
- Microcaecilia unicolor
- Genus Mimosiphonops – worm-patterned caecilians
- Genus Parvicaecilia – Columbian caecilians
- Genus Praslinia – Cooper's caecilian
- Praslinia cooperi
- Genus Siphonops – ringed caecilians
References
- ↑ Nussbaum, Ronald A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ↑ Wilkinson, Sherratt, Starace & Gower (2013). "A New Species of Skin-Feeding Caecilian and the First Report of Reproductive Mode in Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae)". PLOS ONE 8 (3): e57756. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057756. PMC 3590283. PMID 23483926.
- Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Mark Wilkinson (1989). "On the Classification and Phylogeny of Caecilians". Herpetological Monographs (3): 1–42.
- San Mauro, Diego; David J. Gower; Oommen V. Oommen; Mark Wilkinson; Rafael Zardoya (November 2004). "Phylogeny of caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear RAG1". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 (2): 413–427. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.014. PMID 15336675.
- San Mauro, Diego; Miguel Vences, Marina Alcobendas, Rafael Zardoya and Axel Meyer (May 2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea". American Naturalist 165 (5): 590–599. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855.
- San Mauro, Diego; David J. Gower, Tim Massingham, Mark Wilkinson, Rafael Zardoya and James A. Cotton (August 2009). "Experimental design in caecilian systematics: phylogenetic information of mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rag1". Systematic Biology 58 (4): 425–438. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp043. PMID 20525595.
- Frost, Darrel R. 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August 2004). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2004. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. Retrieved 26 August 2004