Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race

Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race

Founded	1960
Organizer	Royal Western Yacht Club
Start	Plymouth
Finish	Newport, RI
Type	single-handed offshore race
Most recent champion(s)	Jeroboam Jonathan Green
Official website	http://ostar.rwyc.org

The Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race, or STAR, is an east-to-west yacht race across the North Atlantic. When inaugurated in 1960, it was the first single-handed ocean yacht race; it is run from Plymouth to the USA, and is held every four years.

The race is organised by the Royal Western Yacht Club (RWYC) and was originally sponsored by the UK-based Observer newspaper, and known as the Observer Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race, or OSTAR; due to changes in sponsorship, it has been known as the CSTAR, Europe 1 STAR, and the Europe 1 New Man STAR. After the race in 2000 the RWYC took the decision to split the race into two events, one using smaller boats and intended for amateurs and young sailors, the other for professionals. The "amateur" event was raced as The OSTAR (meaning "the Original STAR") from 2005.^[1] The "professional" version was raced as The Transat from 2004.^[2]

History

The Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race was conceived by Herbert "Blondie" Hasler in 1956. The whole idea of a single-handed ocean yacht race was a revolutionary concept at the time, as the idea was thought to be extremely impractical; but this was especially true given the adverse conditions of their proposed route — a westward crossing of the north Atlantic Ocean, against the prevailing winds.

Hasler sought sponsorship for a race, but by 1959, no-one had been prepared to back the race. Finally, though, The Observer newspaper provided sponsorship, and in 1960, under the management of the Royal Western Yacht Club of England, the Observer Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race, or OSTAR, was on.^[3][4][5]

The first run of the race was a great success; since then, it has run every four years, and has become firmly established as one of the major events on the yachting calendar. The name of the event has changed several times due to changed in main sponsor; it has been known as the CSTAR, Europe 1 STAR, and the Europe 1 New Man STAR. The professional event has been run as The Transat from 2004, while the race smaller boats is run as the OSTAR. Throughout its history, however, the essentials of the race have remained the same. It has also become known as a testbed for new innovations in yacht racing; many new ideas started out in "the STAR".

The race

The course of the race is westwards against the prevailing winds of the north Atlantic over a distance of around 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km). The first edition of the race was from Plymouth United Kingdom to New York City; the editions from 1964 to 2000 were sailed from Plymouth to Newport, Rhode Island; the 2004 event sailed from Plymouth to Boston, Massachusetts.^[5][6][7]

The actual course steered is the decision of the individual skipper, and the result of the race can hinge on the chosen route:^[8]

Rhumb line 

The shortest route on paper — i.e. on a Mercator projection chart — is a route which steers a constant compass course, known as the rhumb line route; this is 2,902 nautical miles. This lies between 40 degrees and 50 degrees north, and avoids the most severe weather.

Great circle 

The actual shortest route is the great circle route, which is 2,810 nautical miles (5,200 km). This goes significantly farther north; sailors following this route frequently encounter fog and icebergs.

Northern route 

It is sometimes possible to avoid headwinds by following a far northern route, north of the great circle and above the track followed by depressions. This is a longer way, though, at 3,130 nautical miles (5,800 km), and places the sailor in greater danger of encountering ice.

Azores route 

A "softer" option can be to sail south, close to the Azores, and across the Atlantic along a more southerly latitude. This route can offer calmer reaching winds, but is longer at 3,530 nautical miles (6,540 km); the light and variable winds can also lead to slow progress.

Trade wind route 

The most "natural" way to cross the Atlantic westward is to sail south to the trade winds, and then west across the ocean. However, this is the longest route of all, at 4,200 nautical miles (7,780 km).

This variety of routes is one of the factors which makes an east-to-west north Atlantic crossing interesting, as different skippers try different strategies against each other. In practice, though, the winning route is usually somewhere between the great circle and the rhumb line.

Past races

The OSTAR, 1960

The Observer Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race of 1960 was a milestone in sailing, being the first single-handed ocean yacht race. 115 people expressed an interest in the race, and there were eight entries, of whom five actually took part. Only four were at the starting line on June 11, however, as Jean Lacombe arrived late and started three days after the others. All of the boats were monohulls; this was to be the only edition of the race without multihulls. It was also the only edition of the race sailed from Plymouth to New York City.

The skippers tried a variety of routing strategies. Hasler chose the northern route, to avoid the depressions; Chichester and Lewis stayed closer to the great circle; Lacombe and Howells chose more southerly routes. Hasler sailed his junk-rigged Jester; Chichester had by far the longest boat, his 40-foot (12 m) Gipsy Moth III, and this was reflected in the results:^[4][5]

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Francis Chichester	Gipsy Moth III	Mono-40	40 days 12 hours 30 min
Blondie Hasler	Jester	Mono-26	48 days 12 hours 02 min
David Lewis	Cardinal Vertue	Mono-25	55 days 00 hours 50 min
Val Howells	EIRA	Mono-25	62 days 05 hours 50 min
Jean Lacombe	Cap Horn	Mono-21.5	74 days ?? hours ?? min

The race had a huge impact on ocean sailing, and in particular solo sailing. Hasler's wind-vane self-steering gear revolutionised short-handed sailing, and his other major innovation — using a junk rig for safer and more manageable shorthanded sailing — influenced many subsequent sailors.^[9][10]

The OSTAR, 1964

Thirteen competitors started the next edition of the race in 1964, which by now was firmly established on the racing scene. All of the five original competitors entered, and all five improved their original times; but the show was stolen by French naval officer Éric Tabarly, who entered a custom-built 44-foot (13 m) plywood ketch, Pen Duick II. The days of racers sailing the family boat were numbered following Tabarly's performance, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur by president Charles de Gaulle. It is also noteworthy that Tabarly and Jean Lacombe were the only French entrants in this race; Tabarly's success was instrumental in popularising the sport in France, the country which in future years would come to dominate it.

This was to be the year in which several future trends were established. Multihulls made their first appearance — sailing in the same class as the other boats; and the race featured the use of radio, for the first time, by several competitors who gave daily progress reports to their sponsors.^[4][6][11]

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Éric Tabarly	Pen Duick II	Mono-44	27 days 03 hours 56 min
Francis Chichester	Gipsy Moth III	Mono-40	29 days 23 hours 57 min
Val Howells	Akka	Mono-35	32 days 18 hours 08 min
Alec Rose	Lively Lady	Mono-36	36 days 17 hours 30 min
Blondie Hasler	Jester	Mono-26	37 days 22 hours 05 min
Bill Howell	Stardrift	Mono-30	38 days 03 hours 23 min
David Lewis	Rehu Moana	Cat-40	38 days 12 hours 04 min
Mike Ellison	Ilala	Mono-36	46 days 06 hours 26 min
Jean Lacombe	Golif	Mono-22	46 days 07 hours 05 min
Bob Bunker	Vanda Caelea	Mono-25	49 days 18 hours 45 min
Mike Butterfield	Misty Miller	Cat-30	53 days 00 hours 05 min
Geoffrey Chaffey	Ericht 2	Mono-31	60 days 11 hours 15 min
Derek Kelsall	Folatre	Tri-35	61 days 14 hours 04 min
Axel Penderson	Marco Polo	Mono-28	63 days 13 hours 30 min
Robin McCurdy	Tammie Norie	Mono-40	retired

The OSTAR, 1968

The race was by now acquiring a reputation for pushing forward the technology of ocean sailing, and the 1968 edition featured the first use of computer-based weather routing. A far cry from today's laptop-laden yachts, this consisted of a land-based mainframe computer, the English Electric KDF9, linked by radio to Geoffrey Williams in his boat Sir Thomas Lipton. Although outside private routing advice of this kind is no longer permitted in most "unassisted" races, it is now routine for ocean sailors to do similar analyses using their on-board computers to process public weather information.

Williams created another story by his use of the "shortcut" through the Nantucket Shoal. This dangerous route was supposed to be illegal, but due to an error the race instructions required skippers only to keep south of Nantucket, instead of Nantucket Light. Williams successfully navigated the treacherous route in a gale. Gales were a major feature of the race, with a large storm on the 11th of June, and Hurricane Brenda, both contributing to the large number of retired and abandoned boats; one casualty was Éric Tabarly, aboard his new trimaran Pen Duick IV. Another was the first woman to have taken part, the West German Edith Baumann, aboard her 39 foot trimaran "Koala III". ^[12]

Although won by a monohull, this race saw the multihulls firmly established on the scene. Thirteen of the 35 boats entered were multihulls, led by the controversial proa Cheers; many observers felt that a proa was entirely unsuitable for ocean sailing, but she made a fast time along the Azores route.^[4][13]

The top seven finishers:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Geoffrey Williams	Sir Thomas Lipton	Mono-57	25 days 20 hours 33 min
Bruce Dalling	Voortrekker	Mono-50	26 days 13 hours 42 min
Tom Follett	Cheers	Proa-40	27 days 00 hours 13 min
Leslie Williams	Spirit of Cutty Sark	Mono-53	29 days 10 hours 17 min
Bill Howell	Golden Cockerel	Cat-42.5	31 days 16 hours 24 min
Brian Cooke	Opus	Mono-32	34 days 08 hours 23 min
Martin Minter-Kemp	Gancia Girl	Tri-42	34 days 13 hours 15 min

The 17 non-finishers included Éric Tabarly on Pen Duick IV, and Alex Carozzo of Italy on San Giorgio. Carozzo went on to compete in the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, the other major single-handed sailing event of the year.

The OSTAR, 1972

Tabarly's trimaran Pen Duick IV made a return to the race in 1972, sailed by Alain Colas, at the head of a strong French contingent; of the 55 entrants, 12 were French, and the top three finishers were all French.

The average boat size was increasing rapidly, as longer boats are capable of higher speeds. A sign of the changing times was that the rules had a minimum size, to deter unsafe entries, but no maximum; and so the star of the monohull fleet was Vendredi Treize (Friday the 13th), a 128-foot (39 m) three-masted schooner — a huge boat for a single-hander. However, the race was now dominated by the multihulls, with a trimaran winning and four of the top six finishers being multis.

The 55 entrants included the first female finishers, two French and one Polish. Sir Francis Chichester, now 70 years old, sailed with the fleet in Gipsy Moth V; however, he was unable to complete what was to be his last race, and he died later the same year. Peter Crowther made the longest crossing in the race's history while sailing the oldest boat, the 66 year old gaff cutter Golden Vanity; his crossing took 88 days.^[4][14]

The top ten finishers:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Alain Colas	Pen Duick IV	Tri-70	20 days 13 hours 15 min
Jean-Yves Terlain	Vendredi Treize	Mono-128	21 days 05 hours 14 min
Jean-Marie Vidal	Cap 33	Tri-53	24 days 05 hours 40 min
Brian Cooke	British Steel	Mono-59	24 days 19 hours 28 min
Tom Follett	Three Cheers	Tri-46	27 days 11 hours 04 min
Gerard Pesty	Architeuthis	Tri-55	28 days 11 hours 55 min
Martin Minter-Kemp	Strongbow	Mono-65	28 days 12 hours 46 min
Alain Gliksman	Toucan	Mono-34.5	28 days 12 hours 54 min
Franco Faggioni	Sagittario	Mono-50.5	28 days 23 hours 05 min
James Ferris	Whisper	Mono-53.5	29 days 11 hours 15 min

There were eleven retirements, and one boat was abandoned.

The OSTAR, 1976

1976 saw the biggest edition of the race, in all senses. 125 boats entered, and the 128-foot (39 m) Vendredi Treize returned as ITT Oceanic. However, the all-time size record for the race, and probably for any single-hander, was set by Alain Colas, sailing the 236-foot (72 m) four-masted schooner Club Mediterranée.^[15] Although about the same overall length as HMS Victory (which had a crew of 820),^[16] this modern boat was expressly designed for easy handling.

The race was organised into three classes: Jester (J): up to 38 ft (12 m); Gipsy Moth (G): 38 to 65 ft (20 m); and Penduick (P): over 65 ft, unlimited. Monohulls and multihulls were not segregated. It is notable that the second-placed boat overall was a trimaran of the smallest class; and perhaps even more so that third place went to a monohull from the same class.

Two major depressions hit the race and caused a record fifty retirements; Tony Bullimore was rescued by a passing ship after his boat caught fire, and American Mike Flanagan was lost overboard from Galloping Gael. A particularly sad story was that of Mike McMullen, whose wife Lizzie was electrocuted and killed while helping him to prepare Three Cheers for the race, just two days before the start. Believing that Lizzie would have wanted him to go on, he started the race, but was never seen again.

Colas in Club Mediterranée was plagued by halyard problems; although 330 miles (531 km) in the lead, he was forced to pull into Halifax, Nova Scotia to make repairs, and was penalised 58 hours for accepting help. The race then went to Éric Tabarly, whose win, on the 73-foot (22 m) Pen Duick VI, was his second; it was also the last win for a monohull.^[4][17]

Clare Francis in Robertson's Golly (Ohlson 38) finished 13th and broke the women's single-handed transatlantic record by three days.

The top finishers (including the top three of each class):

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Éric Tabarly	Pen Duick VI	Mono-73(P)	23 days 20 hours 12 min
Mike Birch	The Third Turtle	Tri-32(J)	24 days 20 hours 39 min
Kazimierz Jaworski	Spaniel	Mono-38(J)	24 days 23 hours 40 min
Tom Grossman	Cap 33	Tri-53(P)	26 days 08 hours 15 min
Alain Colas	Club Mediterranée	Mono-236(P)	26 days 13 hours 36 min
Jean Claude Parisis	Petrouchka	Mono-47(G)	27 days 00 hours 55 min
David Palmer	FT	Tri-35(J)	27 days 07 hours 45 min
Walter Greene	Friends	Tri-30(J)	27 days 10 hours 37 min
Jaques Timsit	Arauna IV	Mono-38(G)	27 days 15 hours 32 min
Alain Gabbay	Objectif Sud 3	Mono-38(J)	28 days 09 hours 58 min
Francis Stokes	Moonshine	Mono-40(G)	28 days 12 hours 46 min

The 1/OSTAR, 1980

The 1980 race introduced a length limit of 56 feet overall, to curb the excesses of previous races. The class sizes were adjusted downwards: Jester (J): up to 32 ft (10 m); Gipsy Moth (G): 32 to 44 ft (13 m); Penduick (P): 44 to 56 ft (17 m). The new restrictions were unpopular with some sailors, particularly the French, many of whom opted to sail instead in the new Route du Rhum race.

The race was once again dominated by multihulls, with the top five places all taken by trimarans, and marked the end of even competition between monos and multis. Éric Tabarly was to compete, aboard the hydrofoil trimaran Paul Ricard, but was unable to enter due to injury. The race continued its history of innovation with the first use of the Argos satellite-based tracking system; this system allows boats to be tracked during the race, and can also be used to signal distress. The use of this system has now become a major feature of many ocean races, such as the Vendée Globe. The cost of the system was covered by introducing a new race sponsor, the radio station Europe 1, in conjunction with the Observer.

The winner was American Phil Weld, in only his second OSTAR, whose trimaran Moxie was custom built to the 56-foot (17 m) limit; he set a new course record of 18 days. Many were impressed by this popular sailor's win at the age of 65. The preponderance of larger boats, and particularly multihulls, left the smaller Jesters seriously outclassed; the highest-placed was Free Newspapers, sailed by John Chaundy, who finished in 29th place, with a time of 28 days.,^[4][18][19] http://www.rwyc.org/rwdb/article/view.asp?id=67&sm=OSTAR

The top ten finishers:

Skipper	Boat	!Class	Time
Philip Weld	Moxie	Tri-51(P)	17 days 23 hours 12 min
Nick Keig	Three Legs of Mann III	Tri-53(P)	18 days 06 hours 04 min
Philip Steggall	Jeans Foster	Tri-38(G)	18 days 06 hours 45 min
Mike Birch	Olympus Photo	Tri-46(P)	18 days 07 hours 15 min
Walter Greene	Chaussettes Olympia	Tri-35(G)	18 days 17 hours 29 min
Kazimierz Jaworski	Spaniel II	Mono-56(P)	19 days 13 hours 25 min
Edoardo Austoni	Chica Boba	Mono-56(P)	20 days 02 hours 30 min
Daniel Gilard	Brittany Ferries I	Mono-44(G)	21 days 00 hours 09 min
Richard Konkolski	Nike II	Mono-44(G)	21 days 06 hours 21 min
Tom Grossman	Kriter VII	Tri-56(P)	21 days 08 hours 01 min
Czesław Gogołkiewicz	Raczyński 2	Mono-56(P)	retired - collision

Canadian skippers Mike Birch and Bob Lush were the subject of a National Film Board of Canada documentary Singlehanders, released in 1982.^[20]

The 1/OSTAR, 1984

The 1984 race saw the pace of technical innovation continue to accelerate. Custom-built trimarans were again the main force, but the monohulls also advanced, with the introduction of water ballast and other innovations. Some controversy over the size limitations in the previous race resulted in slightly larger classes, and the removal of restrictions on bow and stern overhangs; yachts were divided into five classes, but still with no distinction between monohulls and multihulls. Europe 1 continued to support the race, and Argos beacons were again used by all boats.

The first day of the race saw several dismastings in strong gales, and several skippers were awarded time for rescuing other racers. This resulted in an upset at the finish — Philippe Poupon, sailing the 56-foot (17 m) trimaran Fleury Michon VI, arrived first with a time of 16 days 12 hours, and went to bed thinking that he had won. But the race was awarded to Yvon Fauconnier, who finished 10 hours later but was given a 16-hour time allowance for rendering assistance to Philippe Jeantot, whose catamaran Credit Agricole had capsized. The winner among the monohulls was Warren Luhrs, in his 60-footer Thursday's Child.^[4][21]

The top ten finishers:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Yvon Fauconnier	Umupro Jardin V	Tri-53(I)	16 days 06 hours 25 min
Philippe Poupon	Fleury Michon	Tri-56(I)	16 days 12 hours 25 min
Marc Pajot	Elf Aquitaine II	Cat-59(I)	16 days 12 hours 48 min
Éric Tabarly	Paul Ricard	Tri-60(I)	16 days 14 hours 21 min
Peter Philips	Travacrest Seaway	Tri-60(I)	16 days 17 hours 23 min
Daniel Gilard	Nantes	Tri-60(I)	16 days 17 hours 51 min
Olivier Moussy	Region Centre	Tri-45(II)	16 days 19 hours 16 min
Bruno Peyron	L'Aiglon	Cat-60(I)	16 days 20 hours 21 min
Francois Boucher	Ker Cadelac	Tri-50(I)	16 days 21 hours 48 min
Warren Luhrs	Thursday's Child	Mono-60(I)	16 days 22 hours 27 min

The CSTAR, 1988

With Carlsberg taking over as main sponsor, the Carlsberg Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race of 1988 saw 95 entrants, with custom-built multihulls again dominating. Favourable weather made ideal conditions for a fast pace, and indeed Philippe Poupon's winning time set a new race record of 10 days, 9 hours and 10 minutes. One of the main hazards of the race was damage by whales; Mike Birch's Fujicolor was damaged by a whale, forcing him to retire from the race; and David Sellings was forced to abandon Hyccup after she was sunk by an aggressive pod of whales. The original Jester, which had taken part in every edition of the race, was lost in heavy weather in the tail-end of the fleet.^[4][6][22]

The top eleven finishers were all Class 1 multihulls. The top five were:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Philippe Poupon	Fleury Michon	Tri-60(I)	10 days 09 hours 15 min
Olivier Moussy	Laiterie Mt St Michel	Tri-60(I)	11 days 04 hours 17 min
Loïck Peyron	Lada Poch II	Tri-60(I)	11 days 09 hours 02 min
Philip Steggall	Sebago	Tri-60(I)	11 days 09 hours 55 min
Bruno Peyron	VSD	Cat-60(I)	12 days 23 hours 20 min

The fastest monohull, UAP 1992, finished 13th. The top five monohulls:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Jean Yves Terlain	UAP 1992	Mono-60(I)	17 days 04 hours 05 min
John Martin	Allied Bank	Mono-60(I)	17 days 08 hours 18 min
Jose Ugarte	Castrol Solo	Mono-60(I)	17 days 21 hours 47 min
Titouan Lamazou	Ecureuil d'Aquitaine	Mono-60(I)	18 days 07 hours 00 min
Courtney Hazelton	Mariko	Mono-45(III)	21 days 05 hours 44 min

The Europe 1 STAR, 1992

The Europe 1 Star of 1992 saw the fleet beset by a full range of hazards — storms, icebergs, trawlers, fog and whales hit boats on the northern route, before they were finally becalmed off Newfoundland. The monohulls managed the heavy conditions and crosswinds quite well, but the multis were plagued with capsizes and damage. Yves Parlier was the top monohull skipper in a new Open 60, setting a monohull record time of 14 days 16 hours.^[4][23]

The top ten finishers included two monohulls:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Loïck Peyron	Fujicolor	Tri-60(1)	11 days 01 hours 35 min
Paul vatine	Haute-Normandie	Tri-60(1)	12 days 07 hours 49 min
Francis Joyon	Banque Populaire	Tri(1)	12 days 09 hours 14 min
Hervé Laurent	Took Took	Tri-60(1)	13 days 04 hours 01 min
Laurent Bourgnon	Primagaz	Tri-60(1)	13 days 07 hours 40 min
Yves Parlier	Cacolac d'Aquitaine	Mono-60(1)	14 days 16 hours 01 min
Etienne Giroire	Up My Sleeve	Tri-40(4)	16 days 06 hours 45 min
Mark Gatehouse	Queen Anne's Battery	Mono-60(1)	16 days 11 hours 30 min
Hervé Cléris	C L M	Tri-50(2)	16 days 12 hours 17 min
Pascal Hérold	Dupon Duran	Tri-50(2)	16 days 20 hours 16 min

The Europe 1 STAR, 1996

Loïck Peyron had a new 60-foot (18 m) trimaran, Fujicolor II, for the 1996 edition of the race; and he led at the start, passing the Eddystone lighthouse at 28 knots (52 km/h). However, Francis Joyon dominated the race, and 600 miles (970 km) from the finish seemed set to win, at which point he was 24 hours ahead of his nearest rival; but his trimaran Banque Populaire was capsized by a gust off Nova Scotia, leaving the race to Peyron.

Peyron's time of 10 days, 10 hours and 5 minutes, was just 50 minutes short of the course record. Peyron was the first person to win two successive editions of the race, and only the second to win twice. Gerry Roufs won the monohull division, sailing the 60-foot (18 m) Groupe LG2. Italian Giovanni Soldini won the 50-foot (15 m) monohull class, in Telecom Italia.^[4][6][24]

Only three multihulls overcame the conditions to make the top ten finishers:

Skipper	Boat	Class	Time
Loïck Peyron	Fujucolour II	Tri-60(1)	10 days 10 hours 05 min
Paul Vatine	Region Haute Normandie	Tri-60(1)	10 days 13 hours 05 min
Mike Birch	Biscuits la Trinitaine	Tri-60(1)	14 days 12 hours 55 min
Gerry Roufs	Groupe LG 2	Mono-60(1)	15 days 14 hours 50 min
Giovanni Soldini	Telecom Italia	Mono-50(2)	15 days 18 hours 29 min
Josh Hall	Gartmore Investments	Mono-60(1)	16 days 15 hours 56 min
Vittorio Malingri	Anicaflash	Mono-60(1)	16 days 19 hours 24 min
Hervé Laurent	Groupe LG1	Mono-60(1)	17 days 00 hours 55 min
Eric Dumont	Café Legal le Gout	Mono-60(1)	17 days 01 hours 11 min
Catherine Chabaud	Whirlpool-Vital-Europe 2	Mono-60(1)	17 days 06 hours 43 min

The Europe 1 New Man STAR, 2000

With sponsorship from Europe 1 and New Man, a French sportswear manufacturer, the fortieth anniversary edition of the OSTAR was run under the title Europe 1 New Man STAR.^[25]

A surprising total of 24 Open 60 monohulls entered the race; most of these were using the event as a qualifying run for the Vendée Globe starting later in the year. One of these was the youngest racer in the fleet at age 23, Ellen MacArthur in her Owen-Clarke designed Open 60 Kingfisher; she beat the big names to become the surprise winner of the monohull division, and the youngest ever winner of the race. The overall winner was Francis Joyon, in his trimaran Eure et Loir.^{[4][26][27][28]}

Skipper	Boat	Time
ORMA 60 Multihulls
Francis Joyon	Eure et Loir	9 days 23 hours 21 min
Marc Guillemot	Biscuits la Trinitaine	10 days 1 hours 59 min
Franck Cammas	Groupama	10 days 2 hours 40 min
Alain Gautier	Foncia	10 days 8 hours 37 min
Jean-Luc Nelias	Belgacom	10 days 19 hours 35 min
Yvan Bourgnon	Bayer en France	16 days 6 hours 21 min
Lalou Roucayrol	Banque Populaire	retired - lost a hull
IMOCA 60 Monohulls
Ellen MacArthur	Kingfisher	14 days 23 hours 1 min
Roland Jourdain	Sill Beurre le Gall	15 days 13 hours 38 min
Mike Golding	Team Group 4	15 days 14 hours 50 min
Thierry Dubois	Solidaires	15 days 15 hours 33 min
Giovanni Soldini	Fila	16 days 4 hours 10 min
Catherine Chabaud	Whirlpool	16 days 10 hours 19 min
Michel Desjoyeaux	PRB	16 days 15 hours 51 min
Marc Thiercelin	Active Wear	17 days 15 hours 44 min
Dominique Wavre	Union Bancaire Privee	17 days 17 hours 2 min
Joe Seeten	Nord Pas de Calais	18 days 2 hours 22 min
Xavier Lecoeur	GEB	19 days 13 hours 3 min
Didier Munduteguy	DDP 60me Sud	21 days 7 hours 18 min
Patrick Favre	Adrenalines	31 days 5 hours 19 min
Yves Parlier	Aquitaine Innovations	retired - dismasted
Thomas Coville	Sodebo Savourons la Vie	retired - dismasted
Eric Dumont	Services Euroka	retired - dismasted
Dirk Gunst	Tomidi	retired - autopilot failure
Richard Tolkien	This Time	retired - sail damage
Bruce Burgess	Hawaiian Express	retired for personal reasons

The Transat, 2004

After the 2000 event, the RWYC decided to split the race into two separate events. The 2004 professional edition of the race featured a new title — The Transat — and a new finish, at Boston, Massachusetts. 37 boats entered, in four classes: ORMA 50 and 60-foot (18 m) multihulls; and IMOCA 50 and 60-foot (18 m) monohulls. Despite stormy conditions, all four classes of boats broke records; seven of the Open 60 monohulls broke the previous monohull record. Of the first four IMOCA Open 60's, Ecover, Pindar AlphaGraphics and Skandia (ex Kingfisher) were all designed by the British designers, Owen Clarke Design. This office also designed the first IMOCA 50, Artforms, which broke the 'Class 2' record. Several boats suffered damage, however.^[7]

Skipper	Boat	Time
ORMA 60 Multihulls
Michel Desjoyeaux	Geant	8 days 8 hours 29 min
Thomas Coville	Sodebo	8 days 10 hours 38 min
Franck Cammas	Groupama	8 days 14 hours 16 min
Alain Gautier	Foncia	9 days 7 hours 5 min
Karine Fauconnier	Sergio Tacchini	9 days 12 hours 36 min
Lalou Roucayrol	Banque Populaire	9 days 14 hours 5 min
Giovanni Soldini	TIM Progetto Italia	10 days 6 hours 26 min
Philippe Monnet	Sopra	10 days 9 hours 28 min
Fred Le Peutrec	Gitana XI	11 days 9 hours 20 min
Steve Ravussin	Banque Covefi	12 days 4 hours 27 min
Yves Parlier	Mediatis Region Aquitaine	13 days 7 hours 11 min
Marc Guillemot	Gitana X	retired - broken centerboard
IMOCA 60 Monohulls
Mike Golding	Ecover	12 days 15 hours 18 min
Dominique Wavre	Temenos	12 days 18 hours 22 min
Mike Sanderson	Pindar Alphagraphics	12 days 20 hours 54 min
Nick Moloney	Skandia	13 days 9 hours 13 min
Conrad Humphreys	Hellomoto	13 days 20 hours 24 min
Marc Thiercelin	Pro-Form	14 days 1 hours 41 min
Hervé Laurent	UUDS	14 days 3 hours 58 min
Sebastien Josse	VMI	14 days 10 hours 2 min (corrected)
Karen Leibovici	Atlantica-Charente Maritime	17 days 17 hours 12 min
Norbert Sedlacek	Austria One	17 days 18 hours 35 min
Charles Hedrich	Objectif 3	18 days 4 hours 12 min
Anne Liardet	Quicksilver	19 days 14 hours 27 min
Jean-Pierre Dick	Virbac	retired - dismasted
Vincent Riou	PRB	dismasted
Bernard Stamm	Cheminees Poujoulat Armour Lux	capsized
ORMA 50 Multihulls
Éric Bruneel	Trilogic	14 days 1 hours 23 min
Rich Wilson	Great American II	15 days 0 hours 19 min
Dominique Demachy	Gify	15 days 13 hours 13 min
Etienne Hochede	PiR2	19 days 13 hours 45 min
Franck-Yves Escoffier	Crepes Whaou!	retired - broke daggerboard
Mike Birch	Nootka	retired - broken autopilot
IMOCA 50 Monohulls
Kip Stone	Artforms	15 days 5 hours 20 min
Joe Harris	Wells Fargo	16 days 14 hours 21 min
Jacques Bouchacourt	Okami	17 days 23 hours 17 min
Roger Langevin	Branec III	over time limit

Faraday Mill OSTAR 2005

The 2005 event was the first held for smaller boats, again under the name OSTAR, sponsored by Faraday Mill.

35 boats took part with 16 forced to retire. Franco Mozoli won the race in Cotonella, taking 17 days and 21 hours to finish. The 2005 race featured the first single-handed, trans-atlantic crossing by a profoundly deaf person: Gerry Hughes.^[29]

Skipper	Boat	Time
Trimarans
Franco Manzoli	Cotonella	17 days 21 hours 41 min
Roger Langevin	Branec IV	18 days 6 hours 7 min
Pierre Antoine	Spirit	18 days 8 hours 43 min
Leon Bart	Houd van Hout	25 days 16 hours 45 min
Aurelia Ditton	Shockwave	27 days 9 hours 19 min
Anne Caseneuve	Acanthe Ingeniere	retired - injured knee
Etienne Giroire	Up My Sleeve	retired
Ross Hobson	Mollymawk	retired - broken daggerboard
Monohulls
Steve White	Olympian Challenger	20 days 5 hours 24 min
Yves Lepine	Atlantix Express	21 days 4 hours 40 min
Nico Budel	Hayai	21 days 18 hours 17 min
Philip Rubright	Echo Zulu	23 days 22 hours 50 min
Lionel Regnier	Trois Mille Sabords	25 days 23 hours 48 min
Mervyn Wheatley	Tamarind	26 days 2 hours 48 min
Peter Keig	Zeal	27 days 11 hours 31 min
Stephen Gratton	Amelie of Dart	30 days 4 hours 32 min
Richard Hatton	Chimp	30 days 18 hours 7 min
Huib Swets	Vijaya	32 days 5 hours 4 min
Gerry Hughes	Quest II	34 days 4 hours 15 min
Paul Heiney	Ayesha of St Mawes	35 days 14 hours 19 min
Groot Cees	Reality	41 days 16 hours 15 min
Tony Waldeck	Adrienne May	retired - broken mainsail luff cars
Michel Jaheny	Chivas III	retired
Patrice Carpentier	VM Materiaux	retired
Bart Boosman	De Franschman	retired - broken shroud
Hannah White	Spirit of Canada	retired - broken autopilot
Peter Crowther	Suomi Kudu	retired - broken forestay
Michel Kleinjans	Roaring Forty	retired - bulkhead problems
Pieter Ardiaans	Robosail	retired - boom, vang problems
Ronny Nollet	La Promesse	retired - previous back injury
Pierre Chatelin	Destination Calais	retired - problems with boat
Bertus Buys	Sea Beryl	retired - mainsail damage
Bram Van De Loosdrecht	Octavus	retired - dismasted
Jacques Dewez	Blue Shadow	retired - damaged at start

The Artemis Transat, 2008

The 2008 Transat race was named after its sponsor, Artemis. On Thursday 15 May, Frenchman Michel Desjoyeaux (Foncia) had to retire from the race after a collision with a whale. Sebastien Josse (BT), who was leading, had to retire owing to damage to the mainsail carriage on Saturday 17 May, leaving Vincent Riou (PRB) take the lead on the Sunday morning. Loïck Peyron, on Gitana Eighty, caught up with Vincent Riou, who had to abandon the race due to serious keel damage after a collision with a basking shark on the night of Monday 12 / Tuesday 13 May. The race jury decided to grant two and a half hours of bonus time to Loïck Peyron after he rescued Vincent Riou. Starting on 11 May from Plymouth, Peyron spent 12 days, 11 hours, 15 minutes and 35 seconds (not including the time bonus) to cover the 2,992 miles of the race (averaging 8.7 knots), thus improving previous record of 12 days, 15 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds, which was held by Mike Golding (Ecover).

Position	Skipper	Boat	Time
IMOCA 60 Monohulls
1	Loïck Peyron	Gitana Eighty	12 days 8 hours 45 min
2	Armel Le Cleac'h	Brit Air	12 days 12 hours 28 min
3	Yann Eliès	Generali	13 days 14 hours 30 min
4	Marc Guillemot	Safran	14 days 21 hours 18 min
5	Samantha Davies	Roxy	15 days 10 hours 00 min
Ab	Vincent Riou	PRB	retired - broken keel
Ab	Sébastien Josse	BT	retired - sail damage
Ab	Michel Desjoyeaux	Foncia	retired - broken skeg
Ab	Unai Basurko	Pakea Bizkaia

OSTAR 2009

The 2009 OSTAR started on 25 May 2009.The skippers blogs were published on www.blogstar.org.uk

Skipper	Boat	Elapsed Time
JanKees Lampe	LA PROMESSE	17 days 17 hours 40 min
Rob Craigie	Jbellino	19 days 00 hours 10 min
Roberto Westerman	Spinning Wheel	19 days 03 hours 14 min
Hannah White	Pure Solo	20 days 00 hours 22 min
Barry Hurley	Dinah	20 days 22 hours 35 min
Luca Zoccoli	In Direzione Ostinata e Contraria	20 days 22 hours 39 min
Jerry Freeman	QII	21 days 02 hours 49 min
Oscar Mead	King of Shaves	21 days 12 hours 24 min
Katie Miller	BluQube	21 days 18 hours 53 min
Uwe Rottgering	Fanfan!	21 days 22 hours 42 min
Marco Nannini	British Beagle	21 days 23 hours 44 min
Huib Swets	Vijaya	22 days 03 hours 41 min
Dick Koopmans	Jager	22 days 04 hours 35 min
Bard Boosman	De Franschman	22 days 21 hours 04 min
Will Sayer	Elmarleen	23 days 01 hours 30 min
Pip Hildesley	Cazenove Capital	23 days 14 hours 05 min
Christian Chalandre	Olbia	24 days 09 hours 06 min
John Falla	Banjaard	24 days 20 hours 55 min
Michael Collins	Flamingo Lady	27 days 05 hours 31 min
Andrew Petty	Jemima Nicholas	28 days 15 hours 57 min
Peter Crowther	Suomi Kudu	29 days 02 hours 15 min

^[30]

OSTAR 2013

The 2013 OSTAR started on 27 May 2013.

Skipper	Boat	Time
Multihull Class
Roger Langevin	Branec VI
Joanna Pajkowska	Cabrio 2
Gypsy Moth Class
Richard Lett	Pathway to Children
Andrea Mura	Vento Di Sardegna
Jac Sandberg	Spirit
Nico Budel	sec. Hayai
Ralph Villiger	Ntombifuti
Jester Class
Jonathan Green	Jeroboam
Charles Emmett	British Beagle
Krystian Szypka	Sunrise
Mervyn Wheatley	Tamarind
Pether Crowther	Suomi Kudu
Eira Class
Geoff Alcorn	Wind of Lorne II

References

Offshore sailing races Single-handed races Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race Solitaire du Figaro Mini Transat 6.50 Polonez Cup Route du Rhum Sunday Times Golden Globe Race Vendée Globe Generali Solo Transat Ecover BtoB Velux 5 Oceans Race Double-handed races Transat Jacques Vabre Two-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race Mini-Fastnet Barcelona World Race Transat AG2R Crewed races Admiral's Cup America's Cup Bermuda Race Calais Round Britain Race Clipper Round the World Yacht Race EDHEC Cup Fastnet Race Fremantle to Bali Race Global Challenge Istanbul Europa Race Jules Verne Trophy One Ton Cup Oryx Quest Route de la découverte Route de l'Or Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race Sywoc Tall Ships' Races The Race (yachting race) Tour de France à la voile Transat Québec-Saint-Malo Transpacific Yacht Race Volvo Ocean Race