Siege of Barcelona (1713–14)
| Siege of Barcelona | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the War of the Spanish Succession | |||||||
 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Spain loyal to Philip V of Spain France |
 Spain loyal to Archduke Charles Three Commons of Catalonia | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Duke of Popoli Duke of Berwick |
Antoni de Villarroel Rafael Casanova | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
40,000 regulars 80 cannons 20 howitzers |
2,000 regulars of the Army of Catalonia 4,700 militians of the Coronela Some piece of artillery | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 10,000 dead or wounded | 13,000 dead or wounded | ||||||
| ||||||
The Siege of Barcelona (Catalan: Setge de Barcelona, IPA: [ˈsedʒə ðə βərsəˈɫonə]) was a battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714), which pitted Archduke Charles of Austria (backed by Britain and the Netherlands, i.e. the Grand Alliance), against Philip V of Spain, backed by France in a contest for the Spanish crown.
Prelude
During the early part of the war, Barcelona had fallen to the forces of Archduke Charles: his fleet had anchored in the port on 22 August 1705, landing troops which surrounded the city. These troops later captured the fort of Montjuïc, and used it to bombard the city into its submission on October 9 of that year.
Battle
Even though the freshly defeated Catalan court then supported the Archduke against Philip V, the Franco-Spanish forces were not strong enough to attempt a recapture of the city until 1713. By 25 July of that year, the city was surrounded by Bourbon forces under command of Restaino Cantelmo-Stuart, Duke of Popoli, but attacks upon it were unfruitful due to the scarcity of artillery. The Bourbons then waited for a 20,000 man reinforcement force, which arrived in April–May 1714. The assault was renewed, now under the command of the Duke of Berwick, and after entering the city on 30 August, the Bourbons finally triumphed on 11 September. This defeat is now commemorated as the National Day of Catalonia, also known as La Diada Nacional de Catalunya.
Notes:
1. Britain and the Dutch Republic reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 11 April 1713, Treaty of Utrecht
2. Austria reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 7 March 1714, Treaty of Rastatt
3. The Holy Roman Empire reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 7 September 1714, Treaty of Baden
Aftermath
The war's end in 1714, with the surrender of the pro-Archduke forces to a Franco-Spanish army, marks a two century long period of state system that mirrored the greater centralization of the various monarchies of the European continent. With the War of the Spanish Succession completed, Spain evolved from a de facto unified kingdom to a centralized de jure one. The defenders of the city were buried in a cemetery, now a plaça (in Catalan: square), called Fossar de les Moreres, where Catalans gather every 11 September, known as the National Day of Catalonia or la Diada.
References
External links
- Documents about the case of the Catalans dated on 1714, at the House of Lords, UK.
- Journal of the House of Lords: volume 19, 2 August 1715, Further Articles of Impeachment against E. Oxford brought from H.C. Article VI.