Shina language
Shina (Urdu: شینا Šīnā) is a language from the Dardic sub-group of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by the Shina people, a plurality of the people in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan.[4] The valleys in which it is spoken include Astore, Chilas, Darel, Tangir, Gilgit, Ghizer, Gurez, Drass, Juglot Valley, Drotte Palas, Kolai, and Kohistan.
Dialects are Gilgiti (the prestige dialect), Astori, Chilasi Kohistani, Drasi, Gurezi, Jalkoti, Kolai, and Palasi. Related languages spoken by ethnic Shina are Brokskat (the Shina of Baltistan and Ladakh), Domaa, Kohistani Shina, Palula, Savi, and Ushojo. Shina is the language of 40% people of Gilgit Baltistan.
Phonology
Consonants
Tone
Tshina has three contrasting tones, level and rising and low tone.
Example: 1.the............2.thee.........3.thee
1. leveled "the" is Imperative meaning "Do".
2. The stress is on the first morel means "Will you do?"
3. The stress is on the last morel means "After having done".
There are many minimal pairs in Tshina to prove that it contains three tones.
Shina Books
- Shina Qaida Shina language Primer by Rehmat Aziz Chitrali, published by Khowar Academy[5]
See also
[6]
References
- ↑ Shina at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Kohistani Shina at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Shina". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Kohistani Shina". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ "Mosaic Of Jammu and Kashmir".
- ↑ http://www.scribd.com/doc/250019501/Shina-Language-Qaida-by-Rehmat-Aziz-Chitrali-published-by-Khowar-Academy-Chitral-Pakistan-pdf
- ↑ Muhammad Amin Zia
- Calvin R. Rensch, Sandra J. Decker, Daniel G. Hallberg. (1992). Languages of Kohistan (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 1). National Institute of Pakistani Studies, 263 pp. ISBN 969-8023-11-9.
- Backstrom, Peter C. (1992). Languages of Northern Areas (Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 2). 417 pp. ISBN 969-8023-12-7.
- Degener, Almuth. (2007). Shina-Texte aus Gilgit (Nord-Pakistan): Sprichwörter und Materialien zum Volksglauben, gesammelt von Mohammad Amin Zia. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. Contains a Shina grammar, German-Shina and Shina-German dictionaries, and over 700 Shina proverbs and short texts. Muhammad Amin Zia is a writer, poet and linguistic researcher from Gilgit–Baltistan. http://books.google.com/books?id=cOczIYoUKvwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Zia, Muhammad Amin. (1986). Shina Grammar. First Shina grammar to be written in Shina.
- Zia, Muhammad Amin. Shina Lughat (Shina Dictionary). First available Shina dictionary, containing 15000 words plus material on the phonetics of Shina.
- Zia Muhammad Amin. Bayaak (Meeting Place) Shina Radio Features, translation and inter linear explanation in English by Prof. Dr. Gearg Buddruss and Almuth Degener. Published in Germany
External links
|
---|
| Official languages | |
---|
| Provincial languages | |
---|
| Regional languages | |
---|
| Related topics | |
---|
|
|
---|
| | | | | Other Indo-Iranian languages |
---|
| |
|
| | |
|