Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga
| Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga | |
|---|---|
 Digital Devil Saga cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Atlus |
| Publisher(s) |
|
| Director(s) | Ichirō Itano Katsura Hashino Daisuke Kanada |
| Designer(s) | Makoto Kitano |
| Programmer(s) | Satoshi Ōyama |
| Artist(s) | Kazuma Kaneko |
| Writer(s) | Tadashi Satomi Yu Godai |
| Composer(s) | Shoji Meguro |
| Series | Megami Tensei |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 |
| Release date(s) | Digital Devil SagaDigital Devil Saga 2 |
| Genre(s) | Role-playing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |
| Distribution | DVD |
Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga, known in Japan as Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner (Digital Devil Saga アバタール・チューナー Dejitaru Debiru Sāga Abatāru Chūnā), is a duology of PlayStation 2 role-playing video games developed by Atlus. It is a spin-off of the Shin Megami Tensei series of video games; the story focuses on specific characters who become demons and have to consume their own to win a war and reach the "Nirvana". The first game was released in Japan on July 15, 2004. The story to Digital Devil Saga is continued with its direct sequel Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga 2, known in Japan as Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner 2 (Digital Devil Saga アバタール・チューナー2 Dejitaru Debiru Sāga Abatāru Chūnā Tsū) where the returning characters find themselves in a postapocalyptic world.
Notable features of the games include the ability to shapeshift between demon and human forms in battle, and a return of the "press turn" battle system from Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne. A large difference between Nocturne and Digital Devil Saga is the ability to change equipped skills at will, instead of at level up. Unlike in Nocturne, unlearned skills are not lost forever, which allows for much greater character customization. The game features a "Mantra" system where Macca gained after battle can be used to download new Mantras at a saving terminal.
The games were designed to appeal to a broader mainstream audience than Atlus' previous titles. For this, they removed demons hiring and fusion (mixing 2 or 3 demons to create another demon) which are essential elements in previous games and wrote a dark storyline. The game was well received by video game publications for its dark plot and gameplay elements. However, they were also the subject of controversy due to the amount of random encounters and difficulty.
Gameplay
Digital Devil Saga's characters, rather than summoning demons to fight for them, are able to transform into a single demon representative of their "Atma".[2] While the protagonist can assign stat points at will, the other main characters each have certain specializations. Each player can learn skills from one of four categories: Physical, Magic, Shield and Auto. These skills are gained by first buying "Mantras" using Macca currency, then mastering them by gaining "AP" (Atma Points) from defeated enemies.[2] The maximum number of skills that can be equipped are 8. If two or more players equip a certain skill, they can perform a combo - a stronger version of the skill. While battle is focused around strengthening characters' demon forms, they can also fight in their human forms using conventional weapons, and can equip ammunition. A human character can perform a combo with one in demon form.[2]
The "press turn" battle system gives each character a symbol to represent a turn. The character can forfeit a turn to allow the next character an action; turns cannot be passed more than once. If an enemy's weakness is exploited, an extra turn is gained up to three times; if an enemy resists an attack, a turn is lost.[2]
Digital Devil Saga mostly follows the magic system used in previous Megami Tensei games. Nine magic attributes are present in the game. Ice and Lightning magic have a chance of causing the "freeze" and "stun" status, while Expel magic reduces an enemy's hit points by a certain percentage, and Death magic causes an instant kill. Status magic can inflict status effects on enemies. Other attributes present in the game are physical and "Devour" attacks, which are not classified under magic. If an enemy is killed by a Devour skill, the character gains a far greater amount of AP; overeating causes a status ailment that can only be prevented using a certain skill.[2]
"Small Karma Terminals" scattered throughout the world allow the player to save their game, while "Life Terminals" restore the player's health and magic points for Macca. The player can teleport to "Large Karma Terminals", which also function as Life Terminals, but cannot teleport back to their smaller counterparts. "Vendors" allow the player to purchase and sell goods, including valuable "Cells", for Macca. "Solar Noise", displayed in the upper-left of the screen, affects the price of Cells and other variables in battle Digital Devil Saga 2 added the Berserk Mode where the characters enter a half-human, half-demon state, giving them high critical rates, but also increased vulnerability.[3]
Plot
Setting and characters
Digital Devil Saga is set in the Junkyard, a vast, post-apocalyptic wasteland in which it is constantly raining. All residents of the Junkyard adhere to elements of Hinduism, and seem to be reincarnated when they die, aware of their past lives. Six main tribes, the Embryon, Vanguards (Japanese: Assignments), Maribel, Solids, Brutes (Japanese: Brutish), and Wolves (Japanese: Hounds), fight to destroy each other and earn passage into Nirvana.[2] Serph is the silent leader of the Embryon tribe. A silent, largely emotionless protagonist and the main character of the game. He is accompanied by Heat, Serph's unofficial second in command, who wrestles with violent tendencies and mistaken romantic feelings towards Sera; Argilla is the Embryon's master sniper. Manifesting emotions of kindness, she immediately rejects the idea of devouring others, but realizes it’s a necessary evil if she's to protect Sera and return to normal; Gale's computer-like calculations and analysis serve him well as the strategist for the Embryon; Cielo, another key member of the Embryon, is cheerful, and tends to act foolishly, which eases tensions among the group. They become allies of Sera who stands out from other citizens of the Junkyard because of her black hair, her lack of a tag ring, and her strange singing.
Digital Devil Saga
The game begins with a conversation between two unknown entities. One claims to be about to release the power of the demons inside of people, much to the shock of the other.[4] In the Junkyard, Serph and his lieutenants battle the Vanguards over a strange pod.[5] Explosions cause the pod to open, branding everyone with a mark of their atma, and causing the Embryon to devour the Vanguards. A crater left by the pod reveals a naked girl by white light. The Embryon take the mysterious girl and return to headquarters.[6]
Unaware of what truly happened after the pod's opening, the Embryon decide to question Harley and his Vanguards about what transpired.[7] Serph, Argilla, and Heat travel to the Vanguards' base, finding a deeply shaken Harley. He claims that the Embryon devoured his men and flees in terror when the Embryon once more transform into demons, and exhibit signs of emotion.[8] They gain the tribe's land in the process. Back at the Embryon base, the unknown girl, claiming to be named Sera, sings, stopping Gale from going berserk.
The leaders of each tribe are ordered to the neutral Karma Temple in order to receive instructions. However, a mysterious, female being calling itself "Angel" orders them to use their powers to defeat all other tribes and ascend to Nirvana along with Sera, who has the power to quell the demons' ever-present hunger. After allying themselves with the Maribel tribe, the Embyron invade the citadel of the Solids tribe, but are too late to stop its leader, Mick, from causing the Maribel's leader, Jinana, to go berserk, eventually leading to her death. The Solids attack the Maribel base as a diversion, then capture Sera from the Embryon and bring her to a large castle in an abandoned amusement park. At the top of the castle, Cielo saves Sera and Mick is killed by the Embryon.
The Embryon plan to weaken the Brutes by trapping them in a beached cruise ship rigged with bombs. It is revealed that Varin Omega, now calling himself "Colonel Beck" and Sera a "cyber shaman", claims to know Angel's secrets and wants to leave the Junkyard. Angel refused, saying that she ordered the world to be locked.[9] Their plan succeeds, and Bat is killed. The Brutes destroy the Wolves, making them the last remaining tribe for the Embryon to defeat. After Lupa, leader of the Wolves, also goes berserk and is killed, Gale is spurred to action.[10]
As the residents of the Junkyard begin to experience strange memories of life in the contemporary era, the group arrives at the Brutes' base, a shape-shifting mansion unlike any building in the Junkyard. After defeating Varin, he claims that Serph had devoured Argilla, and that the entire party had already died in "Nirvana", calling Sera the devil.[11] Sera runs away to the Karma Temple, exercising control over it, as the Embryon follow. At the top of the temple, Angel appears in human form, revealing a computer virus and threatening to delete the entire Junkyard if Sera does not return with her. However, the Embryon arrive, and, breaking free of Angel's control, manage to destroy her ultimate form, Harihara, and the virus itself. The Junkyard, a virtual world, disappears completely and all the characters are thrown into a void. The game's ending reveals that they have arrived in the "real world".
Digital Devil Saga 2
Before the game begins, it is explained that everything in the real world was discovered to be composed of data on a quantum level. The Embryon tribe have emerged from the Junkyard with physical bodies due to the intervention of God. In the real world, the sun has turned black, resembling an eclipse, and sent out malignant "solar data", causing those exposed to be petrified. People with the Demon Virus, however, are immune. Cielo is taken hostage by the Lokapala, a resistance group against the powerful Karma Society, which sends out soldiers possessing the Demon Virus to harvest humans to devour. The Embryon manage to convince the Lokapala's leader, Roland, to free Cielo and join the team, and are also accompanied by Fred, the son of the former leader.
The Embryon infiltrate the Karma Society's city, which is protected by a giant sun-shield. After releasing all the prisoners from the Detention Facility, they try to rescue Sera from the Medical Ward, but discover a trap set up by Madame Cuvier, the Society's leader, who has brainwashed Heat into fighting the party. While Cuvier plans to impose a new world order, she is secretly opposed by Jenna Angel, the Chief Technical Director and antagonist of the previous game, who wants to use the Demon Virus to weed out the weak.
The Embryon reach the E.G.G., a giant device used to communicate with God, and rescue Sera; however, Heat shows up and critically wounds Serph, sending them both into the device itself. As God begins to absorb the entire planet, Angel murders the despondent Cuvier. The remaining team shut down the Power Plant, but are unable to stop the E.G.G.. Angel releases Meganada, which Roland and Argilla sacrifice themselves to kill, and Sera gains Serph's Atma. The team re-enters the distorted E.G.G. facility and defeat Heat's new form. Serph, who was kept alive by the device, has details about the past revealed to him by a black cat named Schrödinger.
A group of scientists founded the Karma Society to study God. Children who had the psychic ability to speak with God were located, and the scientists created the E.G.G. to enhance their power. However, many of the children were driven insane from prolonged exposure to God and die. Only one survived: candidate number 19, a girl named Sera. One of the scientists, Heat O'Brien, rebelled against the project because of Serph's unethical treatment of the test subjects. A fight ensued, and Sera accidentally witnessed Serph's true, evil nature, which he had hidden from her. After God felt Sera's sadness, he caused the sun to turn black and flooded the world with data, turning people into stone. Serph, becoming a demon, devoured his colleagues. Due to Sera's direct link with God, the data of many of those who perished was "copied" into the Junkyard, creating new AI programs.
A virtual paradise was created by Sera to escape from the pain she felt having to live in the real world. Every person and every location are copies of what she had seen in her life or things she wanted to see. Her perceived personalities of Serph and Heat are polar opposites of their actual personalities, due to Serph's manipulation. However, the military found out about her virtual world and demanded that she turn it into a battle simulation program for developing combat AIs; thus her paradise became the Junkyard. Jenna Angel later used the Junkyard as a testing ground for her Demon Virus. Sera entered the Junkyard to try to stop her, as the human personalities of the AIs within began to awaken.
The Embryon rush to the airport in a final gambit for survival. Gale perishes while killing Angel, while Cielo dies protecting Serph and Sera's fighter jet. The two arrive at the HAARP facility, beaming their individual data to the sun, and, in the process, merging to form a supreme being called Seraph. Reunited as solar data, the team makes a final plea to God for salvation. Defeating Brahman, they are able to calm God and return the sun to normal. Seraph, reaching enlightenment, travels with Schrödinger to a different universe, while the others are reincarnated as children on the renewed Earth, with their caretaker and narrator revealed to be Fred.
Development
"They [Altus] took the mature storyline and themes from the main SMT games, and applied them to a more fantastic and "mainstream" RPG experience."
Digital Devil Saga first announced in the Japanese director's cut version of Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne in February 2004.[12] The game was created in part to make the Megami Tensei series accessible to a broader audience "while staying true to its roots" with the franchise lacking followers in the west in contrast to its high popularity in Japan. Bill Alexander found that fans of the Final Fantasy series who are tired of the "old hero-saves-the-world plot" might find the game appealing.[2] Yu Namba from Atlus personally enjoyed several of parts of the dark story such as the heroes being forced to consume other people in order to survive. He that "It sounds gory and cruel, but it's really not that different from the way we live our lives in the real world" when comparing the story to real life. Each character was designed to start as bland people who awaken emotions as a result of becoming demons. Bill Alexander from Atlus found Heat to be his favorite character, calling him "one of the coolest characters I can think of in a video game, despite the fact that he’s technically not the main character."[13]
The game had a high production value due to its well-known voice actors and detailed cutscenes, while extra care was taken to sync dialogue to mouth movement. The battle mechanics were also made more forgiving than in Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne which was aimed towards a more hardcore demographic. Although there were several delays in the making of the game, this was well received by Altus as it allowed them to fix bugs.[2] In order to appeal to fans from the Persona series and other games released by them, Atlus decided to feature their common mascot, Jack Frost.[13] Gail Salamanca from the same company summed up that Digital Devil Saga "encapsulates the Shin Megami Tensei themes into a more accessible RPG package."[13]
The game uses the demon designs of Kazuma Kaneko.[2] The Junkyard was made to be able to "amplify the sense of desperation the characters begin to feel once their emotions have been awakened." As a result, Atlus believes fans will feel attached to characters due to the detail of graphics.[2]
Music
The band Etro Anime provided "Danger", the introductory song for the U.S. version of the game,[2] and Houko Kuwashima provided "Pray", the introductory song for the Japanese and European version of the game. The game's opening song is "ALIVE" by Kayoko Momota. The ending song is "Time Capsule" by as.
Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner Soundtrack was released September 24, 2004 by Frontier Works. It is mainly composed by Shoji Meguro, and includes five compositions by Kenichi Tsuchiya. It was released on its own and within copies of the North American game. The complete soundtrack was released as discs 1&2 of the 4-disc set DIGITAL DEVIL SAGA ~Avatar Tuner~ 1 & 2 Original Sound Track: Integral on December 22, 2005 by Five Records.
The sequel's soundtrack was also composed by Meguro except for the ending song composed by nao and arranged by Koichi Yusa. The soundtrack was released on December 22, 2005 by Five Records as discs 3 & 4 of the four-disc set DIGITAL DEVIL SAGA ~Avatar Tuner~ 1 & 2 Original Sound Track: Integral. However, the soundtrack is missing several tracks notably the piano version of Atonement and the battle theme which is played against Jack Frost and Omoikane.
A CD containing a selection of tracks was provided as a preorder bonus with the NA release. The same CD was bundled with the European Collector's Edition when it was released.
| Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner Soundtrack (74:26) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Title | Length | ||||||||
| 1. | "Pray" | |||||||||
| 2. | "Muladhara" | |||||||||
| 3. | "Svadhisthana" | |||||||||
| 4. | "Manipura" | |||||||||
| 5. | "Sahasrara" | |||||||||
| 6. | "Anahata" | |||||||||
| 7. | "Ajna" | |||||||||
| 8. | "Hideout of the Chickens" | |||||||||
| 9. | "Hunting Field" | |||||||||
| 10. | "Hunting Field - The Second Movement" | |||||||||
| 11. | "Man's Tomb" | |||||||||
| 12. | "Man's Tomb - The Second Movement" | |||||||||
| 13. | "Sand Castle" | |||||||||
| 14. | "Steel Coffin" | |||||||||
| 15. | "Steel Coffin - The Second Movement" | |||||||||
| 16. | "River of Samsara" | |||||||||
| 17. | "River of Samsara - The Second Movement" | |||||||||
| 18. | "Sweet Home" | |||||||||
| 19. | "Spider's String" | |||||||||
| 20. | "Spider's String - The Second Movement" | |||||||||
| 21. | "Karma Terminal" | |||||||||
| 22. | "Mantra" | |||||||||
| 23. | "Configuration" | |||||||||
| 24. | "Big Battle - Prelude" | |||||||||
| 25. | "Karma" | |||||||||
| 26. | "Hunting" | |||||||||
| 27. | "Big Battle" | |||||||||
| 28. | "Hunting-Compulsion" | |||||||||
| 29. | "Hunting-Comrades" | |||||||||
| 30. | "Hunting-Rare Devil" | |||||||||
| 31. | "Hari-Hara" | |||||||||
| 32. | "Hari-Hara - The Second Movement" | |||||||||
| 33. | "End Theme" | |||||||||
Reception
| Reception | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Digital Devil Saga received generally positive reviews from critics. It has an average of 80.80% in GameRankings and a 78 out of 100 in Metacritic.[14][16] Gaming Age's Travis Dwyer called the story "memorable" and "a much-needed, mature change of pace" from other RPGs, while noting the "proven" battle system.[24] GameSpot's Bethany Massimilla also praised the battle system and the game's "intriguing" world, but crititicized the high random encounter rate which "can border on the ridiculous" and the game's cliffhanger ending.[20] Similarly, Jeremy Dunham from IGN praised the plot but criticized the lack of a conclusion as players would be require to play sequel to know all of the characters' depth.[21] Rob Fahey from Eurogamer called the story "excellent, both mature and involving - a far cry from the fantasy worlds of many other RPG titles" but expressed similar criticism.[18]
The Digital Devil Saga series received G4TV's "X-Play's Best Role Playing Game of 2005" award. In 2010, Digital Devil Saga and its sequel Digital Devil Saga 2 ended up topping RPGFan's "Top 20 RPGs of the Last Decade" list.[25]
During 2004, the game sold 153,421 units in Japan.[26] The second game sold 90,812 units in Japan during 2005.[27] On the other hand, it was noted to have been through poor sales in the west alongside Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne with Kazuma Kaneko noting the franchise had little popularity overseas.[28]
Related media
A five-volume series of light novels known as Quantum Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner (クォンタムデビルサーガ アバタールチューナー) have been authored by Yu Godai. The novels are Yu’s take on her own story, originally used as the basis for the video game duology, redone without any of the unique restrictions that a story needs to be subjected to in order to make it a playable video game narrative.[29] The first volume was released in English by Bento Books on July 30, 2014.
A manga spin-off of Digital Devil Saga titled Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner - Shinen no Matou was released in Japan in 2005 which was published by Jive. The story revolves around a new cast of characters not related to that of the game series. The manga however, was completed only in one volume and was not licensed outside Japan.
The role-playing game Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner: A's TEST Server (デジタル・デビル・サーガ アバタール・チューナー A's TEST Server) was developed by Interactive Brains for mobile phones and published by Atlus and Bbmf through the Megaten α service. A's TEST Server is an original story taking place in the Digital Devil Saga series. It begins when Serph awakens in an enormous tower with no memories. The player takes on the role of Serph as he attempts to find out what happened to his memories.
References
- ↑ "The Drop: New PlayStation Games for 5/20/2014". PlayStation Blog. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 Aihoshi, Richard (2005-02-05). "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga Interview". IGN. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
- ↑ Official Ghostlight Website for Digital Devil Saga 2
- ↑ I will release the uncontrollable rage that lurks inside them...the fury of demons. / NO!! - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Gale: Warning to the Vanguards: Remove the unidentified object at coordinates 2314 5873. Failure to comply will be deemed an act of war. / Harley: Warning to the Embryon: Remove the unidentified object at coordinates 2314 5873. Failure to comply will be deemed an act of war. - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Heat: ...Any thoughts? Strange... I feel like I have met this girl before. I want to know more about her. I am sure you feel the same, Serph. - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Gale: Our priority is to clarify the situation. / Heat: I will go to the Vanguards. / Cielo: To the Vanguards' territory? / Heat: I will. They may have an answer for us. Serph and I will go. ...And one more. The rest will stay and guard the base. / Argilla: I will go. I want an explanation. - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Harley: You murdered them and ate them all! You all...turned into monsters...and then you... devoured all of my men! That light...that weird light shot right through us...and then everyone...everyone started freaking the hell out! (...) Argilla: Shut up! / Argilla: I...I didn't...eat those people. I couldn't have! It wasn't me! - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Varin: Don't ever call me by that name. I am a colonel. Colonel Beck. (...) Varin: That's right. And I even know who YOU really are, Angel! Now get me the hell out of here! / Angel: Very interesting...if you truly are the Colonel, you would know that is not possible. After all, it was you who requested this world be locked. Was it not? You must open the door on your own. / Varin: Don't give me that Nirvana crap. How dare you speak to me!/ Angel: On that day, everything changed. Now, each individual shall be judged by his Karma. Even so, I pity those like you. I'm beginning to understand how this works. Allow me to help you. - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Gale: Your honor does not die with you. I will find your son. / Gale: Be you angel or demon...you will surely regreat giving me this cursed power! - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ Varin: How the hell can you follow the man who devoured you!? (...) Varin: You...and I...we are all humans who died...in the same Nirvana you're all desperate to reach. Argilla: That can't be...we died!? / Varin: That girl will...destroy the world...she is truly...the devil... - Atlus. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga" PS2. Atlus.
- ↑ "New Shin Megamitensei Game Revealed". IGN. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "RPGamer Feature - Interview with Atlus USA". RPGamer. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga". GameRankings. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga 2". GameRankings. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga PlayStation 2". Metacritic. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga 2 PlayStation 2". Metacritic. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Fahey, Rob (July 12, 2006). "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga Review". Eurogamer. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Fahey, Rob (February 21, 2007). "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga 2 Review". Eurogamer. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Massimilla, Bethany (2005-04-05). "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Dunham, Jeremy (April 4, 2004). "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga". Eurogamer. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ Gavin, Derek. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga - Review". RPGamer. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ Cavin, Derek. "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga 2 - Review". RPGamer. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Dwyer, Travis (2005-04-07). "Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga". Gaming Age. Archived from the original on August 12, 2007. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
- ↑ "Top 20 RPGs of the Past Decade". RPGFan. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- ↑ "2004年テレビゲームソフト売り上げTOP500". Geimin. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ "2005年テレビゲームソフト売り上げTOP500". Geimin. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ "1UP: "Devil Summoner. 1UP interviews artist Kazuma Kaneko"". 1UP.com. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
- ↑ http://bentobooks.com/avatar-tuner/kevin-frane-interview.html
External links
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