Shardha Ram Phillauri
Shardha Ram Phillauri (30 September 1837[1] – 24 June 1881) was a Hindu missionary, social reformer, astrologer, and writer, best remembered for his contributions to Hindi and Punjabi literature. He has been called the "father of modern Punjabi prose."[2]
Biography
Shardha Ram was born in 1837 to a Brahmin family in the town of Phillaur, Jalandhar.[2][3] His father, Jai Dyalu, was an astrologer.[2] He did not have any formal education as such.[1] At the age of seven, he learned Gurmukhi script.[2] By age ten, he had studied Hindi, Sanskrit, Persian, astrology, and music.[2] Later, he was also a missionary of traditional Hinduism (Sanatana dharma).[2][3][4]
In his books, Shardha Ram documented Punjabi culture and language.[2][3]
Shardha Ram gave forceful lectures on the Mahabharata, and because of this was charged with conducting propaganda against the British government[2][3] in 1865. As a result, he was exiled temporarily from his home town, Phillaur.[2][3]
Sharda Ram often visited Amritsar and adjoining Lahore, especially in connection with astrology.[2] During this time, he earned a reputation as an astrologer and wrote several books in Hindi.[2]
Shardha Ram has recently been acknowledged as having written the first novel in Hindi.[2][3][5] His novel Bhagyawati, believed to have been written mainly in Amritsar, was first published in 1888, after Shardha Ram's death.[2] The novel's portrayal of women and women's rights was progressive for its day.[2][3]
Shardha Ram died on 24 June 1881 at Lahore.[2]
Works
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| Work | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia (The Story of Sikh Rule)[2][3] | 1866 | The book is an account of Sikh religion and the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[3][6] The last of its three chapters documents Punjabi culture and language, including its customs, usages, and folk songs.[3] The book was often prescribed as a text book.[3] |
| Punjabi Batcheet[2][3] | This book was specifically written to help the British understand the local dialect.[2][3] It may have been the first book transliterated into Roman script from Gurmukhi script.[2][3] The study of this was a requirement for admission into the administrative services.[2][3] The book is taught to this day at schools affiliated with the Punjab State Education Board (PSEB) Mohali. | |
| Om Jai Jagdish Hare[2][3] | 1870s | Translated in Punjabi the first time[3] |
| Bhagyawati[2][3] | published 1888 | This book is believed to be the first novel in Hindi.[2][3][5] |
| Satya Dharm Muktavli[3] | ||
| Shatopadesh[3] | ||
| Satyamrit Pravaha[3] |
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. Shardha Ram Granthawali. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the Guru Nanak Dev University Hindi Department.)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 Walia, Varinda. "Hindi novel’s first cradle." The Tribune (17 March 2005).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 Maitray, Mohan. "The creator of Om Jai Jagdish Hare." The Tribune (27 September 1998).
- ↑ http://www.faithandthearts.com/images/9_20070612201926.pdf
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Previously, Lala Sri Niwas was credited with this achievement; his Priksha Guru was written in 1902. Walia, Varinda. "Hindi novel’s first cradle." The Tribune.
- ↑ Sisir Kumar Das. A History of Indian Literature, p.540. Sahitya Akademi (1991), ISBN 81-7201-006-0.
Further reading
- Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. Shardha Ram Granthawali. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the Guru Nanak Dev University Hindi Department.)
External links
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