Shaaban bin Robert
| Shaaban Robert MBE | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
Shaaban bin Selemani 1 January 1909 Vibamba village, Tanga |
| Died |
20 June 1962 (aged 53) Dar es Salaam, Tanzania[1] |
Resting place | Machui, Tanga Region |
| Nationality | Tanzanian |
| Ethnicity | Yao[1][2] |
| Occupation | Civil servant, writer, poet |
| Years active | 1932–62 |
| Known for | Kiswahili literature |
| Notable work | Kusadikika |
| Religion | Islam[2][3] |
| Spouse(s) | Amina |
| Children | 10 |
| Awards | Margaret Wrong Prize and Medal for African Literature |
Shaaban bin Robert, also known as Shaaban Robert (1 January 1909 – 20 June 1962), was a Tanzanian poet, author, and essayist who supported the preservation of Tanzanian verse traditions.[4] Robert is celebrated as one of the greatest Tanzanian Swahili thinkers, intellectuals and writer in East Africa and has been called "poet laureate of Swahili" and is also known as the "Father of Swahili."[5] He is also honoured as the national poet.[6]
Biography
Robert was born in the sleepy village of Vibamba, south of Tanga City in Tanzania (then German East Africa). The surname Robert is a name of a British colonial officer who requested his parent to name him after him, this means in really sense, Rober was his second name (not his surname or last name), his first name being Shaaban. Shaaban himself for a time wrote it Roberts rather than Robert. From 1922 to 1926 he was educated in Dar es Salaam, coming in second in a class of 11 to receive the School Leaving Certificate under the then British colonial educational system in Tanganyika.[5]
Career
After receiving the school certificate Shaaban worked at various posts as a colonial government civil servant. From 1926 to 1944 he was a customs official at different locations throughout the territory. From 1944 to 1946 he worked for the Game Department. From 1946 to 1952 he worked in the Tanga District Office, and from 1952 to 1960 he was in the Survey Office there. He worked very closely with the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and Julius Nyerere. Many of his civil service experiences are woven into his writings. During his lifetime he received the Margaret Wrong Prize and Medal for African Literature and was honored by the British government as a Member of the British Empire (M.B.E.).[5][7]
Intellectual work
Robert contributed to the promotion of the Swahili language and the struggle for the dignity of mankind. He was a celebrated humanist. He worked for freedom and gender equality, and was against racial and religious discrimination in Tanzania. Tanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere, had complete admiration for the late Shaaban Robert, and greatly valued and promoted his intellectual work. His was also equally respectful of both Muslims and Christians. That is reflected in his two unusual names (Shaaban—Muslim name and Robert, a Christian name).[The name Robert was in fact one of his father's several names, the others being Selemani and Ufukwe]
Sheikh Shaaban Robert succeeded in writing essays, books, prose and poems and some of his literature is part of school curricula and higher education reading. Some of his books included Maisha Yangu na Baada ya Miaka Hamsini, Kusadikika, and Wasifu wa Siti binti Saad. His works are still being discovered and published. To date he has 24 known works.
Legacy
Eponyms
- Shaaban Robert Secondary School, Dar es Salaam
- Shaaban Robert Street, a street in the Dar es Salaam CBD
Bibliography
- Robert, Shaaban (trans.): Omar Khayyam Kwa Kiswahili London: Macmillan, 1952, (Swahili translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, translator's pref. (in Swahili) dated Tanga, 1948.)
- Bin Robert, Shaaban: Utubora Mkulima (Diwani Ya Shaaban 8) Nelson, London, 1968
- Robert, Shaaban: Koja La Lugha Oxford Univ, Nairobi, 1969
Further reading
- Lyndon Harries: Swahili Poetry. Oxford, 1962
- Jan Knappert: Traditional Swahili Poetry. Mouton, The Hague, 1968
- Edgar C. Polome: Swahili Language Handbook, 1967
- Wilfred H. Whiteley: Swahili: The Rise of a National Language, 1969
- Mulokozi, M.M. (ed). Barua za Shaaban Robert 1931–1958 (Shaaban Robert's Letters 1931–1958), Institute of Kiswahili Research, Dar es Salaam, 2002.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Frank M Chipasula (5 August 2009). Bending the Bow: An Anthology of African Love Poetry. SIU Press. pp. 283–. ISBN 978-0-8093-8638-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 John Iliffe (10 May 1979). A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge University Press. pp. 379–. ISBN 978-0-521-29611-3.
- ↑ Alain Ricard (2004). The Languages & Literatures of Africa: The Sands of Babel. James Currey Publishers. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-85255-581-1.
- ↑ Killam, G. D.; Ruth Rowe. The Companion to African Literatures. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33633-3.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Shaaban Robert". Encyclopedia.com. 2004. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ↑ J. Cameron; W. A. Dodd (17 May 2014). Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research. Elsevier Science. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-4831-5914-0.
- ↑ "Margaret Wrong Prize and Medal for African Literature". Indiana University. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
External links
- Shaaban Robert, Tanzania's Forgotten Hero
- Shaaban Robert: A legendary poet and freedom fighter
- Shaaban Robert: Father of Kiswahili literature
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