Sergio Panunzio
Sergio Panunzio (July 20, 1886 – October 8, 1944) was an Italian theoretician of revolutionary syndicalism. In the 1920s, he became a major theoretician of Italian Fascism.
Panunzio said that syndicalism is the historical development of Marxism. He pointed to George Sorel and Francesco Saverio Merlino as revising Marx to fit the times and emboldening it. He is said to have spearheaded the revisionism that led many syndicalists through interventionism to corporativism and he ostensibly "gave Mussolini’s dictatorship a veneer of revolutionary legitimacy."[1]
Born in Molfetta near Bari, he started his political involvement young by associating with syndicalist circles in 1902. From the University of Naples, he obtained two degrees in jurisprudence in 1908 and in philosophy in 1911. from 1928, he was the head of the Fascist Faculty of Political Sciences at Perugia University.
Panunzio criticized the Soviet state as a "dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat." Also, he is quoted as saying "Moscow bows before the light radiating from Rome. The Communist International no longer speaks to the spirit; it is dead." He opposed the anti-Semitic campaign of 1938. A strong supporter of the state for its own sake, he had a long-running academic dispute with corporatist Carlo Costamagna regarding the role of fascism.[2]
Panunzio's works
- La Persistenza del Diritto (Discutendo di Sindacalismo e di Anarchismo) [The Persistence of the Right (A Discussion about Syndicalism and Anarchism)] (Pescara: Casa Editrice Abruzzese, 1909).
- Diritto, forza e violenza; lineamenti di una teoria della violenza. Con prefazione di R. Mondolfo (Bologna, L. Cappelli, 1921)
- Italo Balbo (Milano, Imperia, 1923)
- Stato nazionale e sindacati (Milan: Imperia, 1924)
- Che cos' è il fascismo (Milano: Alpes, 1924)
- Lo stato fascista (Bologna: Cappelli, 1925)
- Il sentimento dello stato (Rome, Libreria del Littorio, 1929)
- Il diritto sindacale e corporativo (programma, concetto, metodo) (Perugia-Venezia: "La Nuova Italia", 1930)
- Popolo, nazione, stato (esame giuridico) (Firenze, "La Nuova Italia" Editrice, 1933)
- I sindacati e l'organizzazione economica dell'impero (Roma, Istituto poligrafico dello stato, Libreria, 1938)
- Sulla natura giuridica dell'impero italiano d'Etiopia (Roma, Istituto poligrafico dello stato, Libreria, 1938)
- L'organizzazione sindacale e l'economia dell'impero (Roma, Istituto poligrafico dello stato, Libreria, 1939)
- La Camera dei fasci e delle corporazioni (Roma, Stabilimento arti grafiche Trinacria, 1939)
- Teoria generale dello stato fascista 2. ed., ampliata ed aggiornata (Padova, CEDAM, Casa editrice dott. A. Milani, 1939)
- Teoria generale dello stato fascista, 2nd ed., enl. (Padua: CEDAM, 1939)
- Spagna nazionalsindacalista (Milano, Bietti, 1942)
- Motivi e metodo della codificazione fascista (Milano, A. Giuffrè, 1943)
References
- ↑ Clarke, Jay. "Fascism and Bolshevism". History of Modern Italy. Archived from the original on 2005-03-15. Retrieved 2006-04-24. (From the Internet Archive, 15 March 2005)
- ↑ Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, 1990, p. 68
- Rees, Philip (ed.), ed. (1991). Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890. ISBN 0-13-089301-3.
- Griffin, Roger (ed.), ed. (1995). Fascism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-289249-5.
- Roth, Jack Joseph (1980). The Cult of Violence: Sorel and the Sorelians. ISBN 0-520-03772-3.
- Gregor, Anthony James (1979). Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03799-5.
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