Sept-Îles, Quebec
| Sept-Îles | ||
|---|---|---|
| City | ||
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  Sept-Îles Location in Côte-Nord region of Quebec. | ||
| Coordinates: 50°13′N 66°23′W / 50.217°N 66.383°WCoordinates: 50°13′N 66°23′W / 50.217°N 66.383°W[1] | ||
| Country |
 Canada | |
| Province |
 Quebec | |
| Region | Côte-Nord | |
| RCM | Sept-Rivières | |
| Constituted | February 12, 2003 | |
| Government[2] | ||
| • Mayor | Réjean Porlier | |
| • Federal riding | Manicouagan | |
| • Prov. riding | Duplessis | |
| Area[2][3] | ||
| • City | 2,140.10 km2 (826.30 sq mi) | |
| • Land | 1,764.13 km2 (681.13 sq mi) | |
| • Urban[4] | 19.69 km2 (7.60 sq mi) | |
| • Metro[5] | 1,770.52 km2 (683.60 sq mi) | |
| Population (2011)[3] | ||
| • City | 25,686 | |
| • Density | 14.6/km2 (38/sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 23,326 | |
| • Urban density | 1,184.5/km2 (3,068/sq mi) | |
| • Metro[5] | 28,487 | |
| • Metro density | 16.1/km2 (42/sq mi) | |
| • Pop 2006-2011 |
 0.7% | |
| • Dwellings | 12,029 | |
| Time zone | EST (UTC−5) | |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−4) | |
| Postal code(s) | G4R, G4S | |
| Area code(s) | 418 and 581 | |
| Highways |
 Route 138 | |
| Website |
www | |
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- For the islands in north of Brittany, see Jentilez.
Sept-Îles (French pronunciation: [sɛ.t‿il], Quebec French pronunciation : [sɛ.t͡s‿ɪl], French for "Seven Islands") is a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec, Canada. It is among the northernmost locales with a paved connection to the rest of Quebec's road network. The population was 25,686 as of the Canada 2011 Census.
The only settlements on the paved road network that are farther north are Fermont, Radisson and Chisasibi, the last two in the extreme western portion of the province at the north end of the James Bay Road. The remaining settlements at higher latitudes in the province are mostly isolated Cree, Innu, or Inuit villages, with access limited to seasonal gravel roads.
Sept-Îles is the seat of the judicial district of Mingan.[6]
History and economy
The first inhabitants of the area were varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The historic Montagnais or Innu people, who called it Uashat ("Great Bay"), lived there at the time of European encounter. Jacques Cartier sailed by the islands in 1535 and made the first written record of them, calling them the Ysles Rondes ("Round Islands"). He was not the first European in the area, as he encountered Basque fishermen who came annually from Europe for whaling and cod fishing.
Early European economic activity in Sept-Îles was based on fishing and the fur trade. Louis Joliet established trading posts by 1679. Great Britain took over Canada from France in 1763 after its victory in the Seven Years' War. In 1842 the Hudson's Bay Company founded another post at this location. The village was incorporated into a municipality in 1885.
Lacking road access at the time, the town got its first pier in 1908. The City of Sept-Îles was incorporated in 1951, on the 300th anniversary of the first Catholic Mass held in the village.
The modern Sept-Îles was built rapidly during the construction of the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway, the 357-mile (575 km) railway link to the northern town of Schefferville. The railway was built between 1950 and 1954 by the Iron Ore Company of Canada. Iron ore mined near Schefferville and Wabush, Labrador was transported on this railway and shipped from the Port of Sept-Îles. Shipment of the important new commodity resulted in investments that turned this into a major port.[7]
With the iron ore business, the Sept-Îles deep-water seaport was second in Canada only to Vancouver in terms of yearly tonnage. The huge engineering project led to a major increase in population, and housing was quickly built to accommodate them. The town grew from 2,000 inhabitants in 1951 to 14,000 in 1961, and 31,000 in 1981. The decline in worldwide iron ore prices in recent decades has since caused employment and population to decrease.
During the early 1990s, some new jobs accompanied the construction and operation of the new Aluminerie Alouette inc. aluminum processing plant. Construction for Phase 1 began in September 1989, and operation started in 1992. Construction of Phase 2 began in 2003.
In 2002 the city amalgamated with the communities of Gallix and Moisie. The city includes the neighbourhoods of Arnaud, Clarke, De Grasse, de la Pointe, de la Rivière, Ferland, La Boule, Lac Labrie, Matamec, Plages, Pointe-Noire and Val-Marguerite.
The Sept-Îles Airport has connections all over Quebec and Labrador. General aviation seaplanes are served by Sept-Îles/Lac Rapides Water Aerodrome. Air Gaspé was based in Sept-Îles, but acquired by Quebecair in 1973. In the 1980s, continued airline restructuring led to Quebecair being acquired by CP Air in 1986, which in turn was taken over by Canadian Airlines in 1987.
Geography
Located on the north shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, between the Sainte-Marguerite and Moisie rivers, Sept-Îles lies on the shore of a deep-water bay fronted by a seven-island archipelago, about 230 kilometres east of Baie-Comeau. The bay constitutes a 45 km² natural harbour.
The seven islands are named:
- La Grosse Boule ("the big ball")
- La Petite Boule ("the small ball")
- La Grande Basque ("the large Basque", named after the visiting Basque fishermen)
- La Petite Basque ("the small Basque")
- Île Manowin (from the Montagnais manouane meaning "where eggs are picked")
- Île du Corossol (named after the French ship Corossol wrecked on the island in 1693; site of a lighthouse and a bird sanctuary)
- Îlets Dequen (a group of tiny islands named after Jean de Quen who founded the local Catholic mission in 1650)
The archipelago is under provincial jurisdiction, with some parts administered by the federal government or by individuals.
There are two First Nations reserves in the area, Uashat in the western city proper, and Maliotenam in the east near the Moisie River.
Demographics
Population
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| Historical Census Data - Sept-Îles, Quebec[10] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Language
| Canada Census Mother Tongue - Sept-Îles, Quebec[10] | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Total | French |
English |
French & English |
Other | |||||||||||||
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | |||||
| 2011 |
25,295 |
23,875 | 1.7% |
94.39% | 745 |  2.0% |
2.94% | 160 | 3.1% |
0.63% | 515 | 36.8% |
2.04% | |||||
| 2006 |
25,190 |
23,460 | 5.1% |
93.13% | 760 | 3.2% |
3.02% | 155 | 34.0% |
0.62% | 815 | 57.7% |
3.23% | |||||
| 2001 |
23,630 |
22,265 | 5.9% |
94.22% | 785 | 11.3% |
3.32% | 235 | 40.4% |
0.99% | 345 | 4.2% |
1.46% | |||||
| 1996 |
25,040 |
23,655 | n/a | 94.47% | 885 | n/a | 3.53% | 140 | n/a | 0.56% | 360 | n/a | 1.44% | |||||
Climate
Sept-Îles has a borderline subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb/Dfc), despite being located at around only 50 degrees latitude. The two main seasons are summer and winter, as spring and autumn are very short transition seasons lasting only a few weeks. Winters are long, cold, and snowy, lasting from late October to late April, but milder than more inland locations, with a January high of −9.8 °C (14.4 °F) and a January low of −20.9 °C (−5.6 °F). Overall precipitation is unusually high for a subarctic climate, and snow totals correspondingly heavy, averaging 385 centimetres (152 in) per season with an average maximum depth of 0.5 metres (1.6 ft). Summers are mild, with a July high of 19.6 °C (67.3 °F); summers thus display stronger maritime influence than do winters. Precipitation is significant year-round, but it is lowest from January to March.
| Climate data for Sept-Îles (1981−2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 9.4 | 8.9 | 12.4 | 19.6 | 29.6 | 33.1 | 35.4 | 33.4 | 32.0 | 22.9 | 17.4 | 7.9 | 35.4 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.0 (50) |
10.6 (51.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32.2 (90) |
32.2 (90) |
31.1 (88) |
29.4 (84.9) |
22.2 (72) |
16.9 (62.4) |
9.4 (48.9) |
32.2 (90) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
7.8 (46) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.3 (4.5) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −43.3 (−45.9) |
−38.3 (−36.9) |
−31.7 (−25.1) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−2.8 (27) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−12.8 (9) |
−28.9 (−20) |
−36.5 (−33.7) |
−43.3 (−45.9) |
| Record low wind chill | −53.7 | −49.6 | −43.4 | −32.1 | −18.6 | −6.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −8.0 | −17.0 | −32.9 | −47.7 | −53.7 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 81.7 (3.217) |
68.6 (2.701) |
81.3 (3.201) |
92.1 (3.626) |
86.9 (3.421) |
99.1 (3.902) |
104.4 (4.11) |
84.4 (3.323) |
108.7 (4.28) |
104.1 (4.098) |
109.2 (4.299) |
99.4 (3.913) |
1,119.9 (44.091) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 8.3 (0.327) |
13.9 (0.547) |
24.4 (0.961) |
49.2 (1.937) |
76.7 (3.02) |
99.1 (3.902) |
104.4 (4.11) |
84.4 (3.323) |
108.7 (4.28) |
98.0 (3.858) |
62.4 (2.457) |
18.1 (0.713) |
747.5 (29.429) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 84.1 (33.11) |
59.7 (23.5) |
57.8 (22.76) |
36.4 (14.33) |
8.1 (3.19) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.05 (0.02) |
5.3 (2.09) |
46.0 (18.11) |
87.2 (34.33) |
384.6 (151.42) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 16.5 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 13.6 | 16.4 | 14.1 | 13.7 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 173.8 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 1.4 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 16.4 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 8.3 | 2.7 | 111.0 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 16.4 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 7.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 9.7 | 14.8 | 77.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 104.0 | 134.4 | 150.8 | 170.1 | 223.4 | 221.2 | 240.9 | 220.4 | 154.0 | 131.2 | 93.5 | 93.7 | 1,937.6 |
| Source #1: Environment Canada[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Environment Canada (sun only 1961−1990).[12] | |||||||||||||
Tourism
The city of Sept-Îles has sought to become the forefront of the Quebec tourist industry. In 2010, the city witnessed its second consecutive year of major cruise ships stopping over. In 2009, it saw the docking of two important cruise ships: the MS Maasdam and the Norwegian Spirit. This new activity is strongly promoted and directed by the corporation Destination Sept-Îles Nakauinanu, and financed by different levels of government, tourist corporations, and by the administration of the Innu community.
The construction of a new wharf at the cost of CA$ 20 million is under way for future cruise stop overs.
Media
Radio
- FM 90.1 - CKAU-FM-1, First Nations community radio (rebroadcasts CKAU-FM Maliotenam)
- FM 94.1 - CKCN-FM, contemporary hit radio
- FM 96.1 - CBRX-FM-2, Ici Musique (rebroadcasts CBRX-FM Rimouski)
- FM 96.9 - CBSE-FM, CBC Radio One (rebroadcasts CBVE-FM Quebec City)
- FM 98.1 - CBSI-FM, Ici Radio-Canada Première
- FM 99.1 - CIPC-FM, soft rock
Television
All terrestrial television stations in the Sept-Îles area are repeaters of stations and networks that originate elsewhere. These stations are available on the Cogeco cable system, which also offer a local cable channel, TVCogeco. The local Cogeco system also carries CBMT-DT (CBC) Montreal and CJBR-DT (Ici Radio-Canada Télé) Rimouski.
Sept-Îles is not designated as a mandatory market for digital television conversion; only CFTF-TV and Télé-Québec announced their intentions to convert all their transmitters to digital, regardless of location.
- Channel 5 / DT 20 - CFER-TV-2, TVA (rebroadcasts CFER-TV Rimouski)
- Channel 7 / PSIP 7 - CFTF-DT-7, V (rebroadcasts CFTF-DT Rivière-du-Loup)
- Channel 9 / PSIP 9 - CIVG-DT, Télé-Québec (rebroadcasts CIVM-DT Montreal)
Economy
Iron ore concentrate from IOC activities in Labrador City are transported by the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway and are shipped to many markets around the world from Sept-Îles port facilities. Iron ore from Wabush and Bloom Lake is also shipped at Point Noire port facilities. The Aluminerie Alouette, in activity since 1992 has a large part in the local employment since his construction started in 1989. Since its major expansion that started in 2005, it is now the largest primary aluminum smelter in the Americas. As a service centre for northeastern Québec, Sept-Îles economy is also powered by many jobs in the services sector.
Prior to its disestablishment, Air Gaspé was headquartered in Sept-Îles.[13]
Notable current and former residents
- Guy Carbonneau, former NHL defensive forward, former coach with the Montreal Canadiens
- Karen Cliche, actress
- Louis-Jean Cormier, vocalist and guitarist of the band Karkwa
- David Desrosiers, bassist and backing vocalist of the pop punk band Simple Plan
- Steve Duchesne, former NHL defenseman
- Karl Dykhuis, former NHL defenseman
- Guillaume LeBlanc, Olympic silver medalist in walking
- Claude McKenzie, singer-songwriter and member of the group Kashtin
- Henry de Puyjalon, (1841-1905) scientist, pioneer in ecology
- Myriam Sirois, actress
- Florent Vollant, singer-songwriter and member of the group Kashtin
- Rob Zettler, former NHL defenseman
- Margot Kidder, was born in 1948 as "a Stanton baby". Throughout her childhood, she moved to a number of northern Canadian towns, including Labrador City, N.L., Beloeil, Que., and Sept-Iles, Que.
In popular culture
- Gordon Lightfoot's song entitled "Seven Island Suite" is about this region.
See also
Notes and references
- ↑ Reference number 98695 of the Commission de toponymie du Québec (French)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire - Répertoire des municipalités: Sept-Îles
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Statistics Canada 2011 Census Census Profiles: Sept-Îles
- ↑ Statistics Canada 2011 Census Census Profiles: Sept-Îles (Population centre)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Statistics Canada 2011 Census Census Profiles: Sept-Îles (Census agglomeration). The census agglomeration consists of Sept-Îles, Maliotenam, Uashat. This was unchanged from the 2006 census.
- ↑ Territorial Division Act. Revised Statutes of Quebec D-11.
- ↑ "The Iron Road To Labrador." Popular Mechanics, February 1954, pp. 118-124.
- ↑ "2006 Community Profiles". Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ "2001 Community Profiles". Canada 2001 Census. Statistics Canada. February 17, 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
- ↑ "Sept-Îles A, Quebec". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ↑ Climate Normals for Sept-Îles 1961-1990 , Accessed March 10, 2012.
- ↑ World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 20, 1975. "466.
- ↑ Trains (Magazine) February 2009 p9
- Dredge, L. A. Surficial Geology of the Sept-Îles Area, Quebec North Shore. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, 1983.
- Faessler, Carl. Sept-Îles Area, North Shore of St. Lawrence, Saguenay County. Québec: Dept. of Mines, Division of Geological Surveys, 1942.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sept-Îles. |
- (French) Ville de Sept-Îles
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Rivière-Nipissis | | ||
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Lac-Jérôme Rivière-au-Tonnerre | ||
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| Port-Cartier | Gulf of Saint Lawrence |
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