Selective availability anti-spoofing module
A Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module (SAASM) is used by military Global Positioning System receivers to allow decryption of precision GPS coordinates, while the accuracy of civilian GPS receivers may be reduced by the United States military through Selective Availability.[1] However, the United States Presidential Directive instructing the discontinuation of Selective Availability, along with the directive that no future GPS programs will include selective availability, makes any changes to SA unlikely.[2]
SAASM allows satellite authentication, over-the-air rekeying, and contingency recovery. Those features are not available with the similar, but older, PPS-SM system. PPS-SM systems require periodic updates with a classified "Red Key" that may only be transmitted by secure means (such as physically taking the receiver to a secure facility for rekeying or having a trusted courier deliver a paper tape with a new key to the receiver, after which that paper tape must be securely destroyed). SAASM systems can be updated with an encrypted "Black Key" that may be transmitted over unclassified channels. All military receivers newly-deployed after the end of September 2006 must use SAASM.[1]
SAASM does not provide any additional anti-jam capability, however the higher data (chipping) rate of P(Y) code can provide a higher processing gain which will provide better tracking performance in a jamming environment. Future GPS upgrades, such as M-Code, will provide additional improvements to anti-jam capabilities.
SAASM hardware is covered with an anti-tampering coating, to deter analysis of their internal operation.
Deployment of the next generation military signal for GPS, called M-code, commenced with the launch of IIR-M and IIF satellites, beginning in 2005. A complete constellation of 18 satellites with M-code capability is planned for 2016.
References
External links
- GPSworld.com article "Saving SAASM" by Robert Huffman (January 2006) - The file is not available.