Sedan Crater
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Sedan Crater | |
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The Sedan crater | |
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| Location | Area 10, Nevada Test Site |
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| Nearest city | Mercury, Nevada |
| Coordinates | 37°10′36″N 116°2′48″W / 37.17667°N 116.04667°WCoordinates: 37°10′36″N 116°2′48″W / 37.17667°N 116.04667°W |
| Governing body | U.S. Department of Energy |
| NRHP Reference # | 94000183 |
| Added to NRHP | March 21, 1994[1] |
Sedan Crater is the result of the Sedan nuclear test and is located within the Nevada Test Site, just 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Groom Lake, Nevada (Area 51). The crater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1994.[1] The crater is a man-made object that can be seen from earth orbit with the unaided eye.[2]
The crater is the result of the displacement of 12,000,000 short tons (11,000,000 t) of earth.[3][4] Over 10,000 visitors per year[4] visit the crater through free monthly tours offered by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office.[4] Its closest Soviet counterpart is the slightly wider Chagan crater which filled in to create Lake Chagan.
History and description
The 1,280 by 320 ft (390 by 100 m) crater was created on July 6, 1962 by a 104-kiloton-of-TNT (440 TJ) nuclear explosion.[4] The device was buried 635 feet (194 m) below the desert floor in Area 10 of Yucca Flat and was the largest cratering shot in the Plowshare Program. The explosion created fallout that affected more US residents than any other nuclear test, exposing more than 13 million people to radiation and marked the end of the program.[5] Within 7 months of the excavation, the bottom of the crater could be safely walked upon with no protective clothing and photographs were taken.[6]
Because the craters at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) have features similar to the topography of Moon craters all of the 12 American Astronauts who have walked on the moon trained at the Nevada Test Site before their missions.[7]
Russian thistle, also known as tumbleweed, is the primary plant species along with some grasses. Analysis in 1993 observed that the original perennial shrubs once living there had shown no recovery.[8] Satellite imagery such as that available in Google Earth, however, shows considerable growth on the ejecta blanket outside the crater rim.
Statistics
- Maximum depth[4] – 320 feet (98 m)
- Maximum diameter[4] – 1,280 feet (390 m)
- Volume[9] – 6.6 million cubic yards (5.0×106 m3)
- Weight of material lifted[4] – 12 million short tons (11 Mt)
- Maximum lip height[9] – 100 feet (30 m)
- Minimum lip height[9] – 20 feet (6.1 m)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Furlow, Robert C. (October 5, 1993). "Sedan Crater" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
- ↑ "Photos — Underground Nuclear Testing — Nevada Test Site". Nevada Division of Environmental Protection. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ↑ "Sedan Crater". KNPB. Archived from the original on 2008-07-15. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 "Nevada Test Site Tours". US Department of Energy. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
- ↑ All Around Nevada with a 360 image
- ↑ "Possibilities for peaceful nuclear explosions. An IAEA review of the 1968 book: The constructive uses of nuclear explosions by Edward Teller." (PDF).
- ↑ Henry Brean (July 19, 2009). "Nevada Test Site gave astronaut trainees taste of lunar landscape". Las Vegas Review-Journal.
- ↑ Sedan Crater at Nevada Online
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Project Sedan, On-Site Radiological Safety Report