SecuROM

SecuROM is a CD/DVD copy protection and digital rights management (DRM) product developed by Sony DADC. Its purpose is to resist home media duplication devices, professional duplicators, and reverse engineering of software, primarily commercial computer games running under the Microsoft Windows platform. The method of disc protection in current versions is Data Position Measurement; this may or may not be used in conjunction with online DRM components.

Opponents, including the Electronic Frontier Foundation, believe that fair-use rights are restricted by DRM applications such as SecuROM.^[1][2] SecuROM has generated controversy because it is not uninstalled upon removal of the game. A 2008 class-action lawsuit was filed against Electronic Arts for its use of SecuROM in the video game Spore.^[3]

Software

SecuROM limits the number of PCs activated at the same time from the same key. SecuROM 7.x was the first version to include the SecuROM Removal Tool, which is intended to help users remove SecuROM after the software with which it was installed has been removed.^[4] Most titles now also include a revoke tool to deactivate the license; revoking all licenses would restore the original activation limit.^[5] As with Windows activation, a hardware change may appear as a change of computer, and force another activation of the software.^[6] Reformatting the computer may not consume an activation, if the Product Activation servers successfully detect it as a re-installation on the same set of hardware.^[7] The activation limit may be increased, on a case-by-case basis, if the user is shown to have reached this limit due to several hardware-triggered re-activations on the same PC.

Known problems

• SecuROM may not detect that the original game disc is in the drive. This can occur on virtually any configuration, and reinserting the disc or rebooting the computer usually resolves the problem.^[8]
• Under Windows Vista, SecuROM will prevent a game from running if explicit congestion notification is enabled in Vista's networking configuration.^[9]
• Software that can be used to bypass copy protection, such as disk drive emulators and debugging software, will block the launch of the game and generate a security module error.^[8][10] Disabling such software usually fixes the issue, but in some cases uninstallation is required.^[8]
• SecuROM conflicts with other software, the best-known being SysInternals' Process Explorer (prior to version 11). Use of Process Explorer before an attempt to run the protected software would produce an error caused by a driver that was kept in memory after Process Explorer was closed. This is solved by either ensuring that Process Explorer is not running in the background when the game is launched, or updating Process Explorer.^[8][11]
• SecuROM has a hardware-level incompatibility with certain brands of optical drives. Workarounds exist.^[8]

Controversies

BioShock

Purchasers of BioShock were required to activate the game online, and users who exceeded their permitted two activations would have to call to get their limit raised. The limit was raised to five activations because an incorrect phone number had been printed on the manual, and because there were no call centers outside of the United States. Separate activations were required for each user on the same machine.^[12][13] 2K Games removed the activation limit in 2008, although online activation is still required.^[14]

Mass Effect

EA announced in May 2008 that Mass Effect for the PC would use SecuROM 7.x and require that the software be reactivated every 10 days.^[15] Customer complaints led EA to remove the 10-day activation, but SecuROM remained tied to the installation, with its product activation facility used to impose a limit of three activations. A call to customer support is required to reset the activation limit. Unlike BioShock, uninstalling the game does not refund a previously used activation.^[16] A de-authorization tool was released for the main game, but EA's customer support must still be contacted to deactivate the downloadable expansions.

Spore

Spore, released by EA on September 7, 2008, uses SecuROM. Spore has seen relatively substantial rates of unauthorized distribution among peer-to-peer groups, and with a reported 1.7 million downloads over BitTorrent networks, was the most-pirated game of 2008, according to TorrentFreak's "Top 10 most pirated games of 2008" list.^[17] Journalists note that this was a reaction from users unhappy with the copy protection,^[18]

EA requires the player to authenticate the game online upon installation.^[19] This system was announced after EA's originally planned system, which would have required authentication every 10 days, met opposition from the public.^[20] Each individual product key of the game would be limited to use on three computers.^[21] This limit was raised to five computers, in response to customer complaints,^[22] but only one online user (required to access user-generated content) can be created per copy.

A class-action lawsuit was filed by Maryland resident Melissa Thomas within the U.S. District Court against Electronic Arts over SecuROM's inclusion with Spore.^[23][24] Several other lawsuits have followed.

Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3

Red Alert 3 included SecuROM until February 19, 2009, when it was removed from the Steam version. Non-Steam editions still include SecuROM.^[25]

Dragon Age II

Reports emerged in March 2011 that EA's Dragon Age II included SecuROM, despite assertions from EA to the contrary.^[26] On March 12, 2011, a BioWare representative stated on the official Dragon Age II message boards that the game does not use SecuROM, but instead "a release control product which is made by the same team, but is a completely different product"^[27] which later turned out to be Sony Release Control. The consumer advocacy group Reclaim Your Game has challenged this claim, based on their analysis of the files in question.^[28]

Final Fantasy VII PC re-release

In early August 2012 an updated version of Final Fantasy VII was re-released for PC. The updated version included SecuROM software, which was discovered when an early purchase link was included in the Square Enix store. Users who purchased and downloaded the game were unable to activate the game due to the activation servers not recognizing the activation key for their purchased games.^[29]

The Sims 2 Ultimate Collection

EA released The Sims 2 Ultimate Collection as a free download until July 31, 2014, but neglected to mention that the download also came with SecuROM included,^[30] which was later revealed by the site Reclaim Your Game^[31]

See also

• Digital rights management
• Extended Copy Protection
• SafeDisc
• Sony BMG CD copy prevention scandal
• CD-Cops
• StarForce
• Tagès

References

External links

• SecuROM
• Sony DADC
• Tweakguide's analysis of SecuROM controversy