Second Sydney Airport

The Second Sydney Airport is an ongoing proposition for another airport to supplement or replace the existing Kingsford Smith Airport in Sydney, Australia. Estimated to cost between $6 and $8 billion, governments, grappling with the issue since the 1940s, are yet to pursue the issue to anything beyond some preliminary investigations and some precautionary land acquisition.[1][2][3] The current designated site for the second Sydney airport is the Western Sydney Airport at Badgerys Creek.[4]

Since the construction of Kingsford Smith, aviation in Sydney has grown significantly. Between 1985-86 and 2011-12 total passenger movements through Sydney more than tripled from 9.5 million to 36.0 million.[5] Almost half of all scheduled flights in Australia land or take off at Kingsford Smith, and the airport dealt with 45% of international passengers in 1998.[6]

The Federal government made preliminary investigations and purchased land near Badgerys Creek in the 1980s and early 1990s. In May 2013, the Gillard Government released a technical study into the feasibility of Wilton as an airport site.[7] By the time of the 2013 election, the Australian Labor Party had expressed support for the concept of a second airport, but did not support any particular site,[8] whereas the then-Opposition Coalition was split on the issue, with some ministerial support for an airport at Badgerys Creek site while the then-Opposition Leader Tony Abbott had not committed to constructing an airport at all.[9] The second airport was also opposed by the state government of New South Wales, which instead favoured increasing capacity at Kingsford Smith and building a high-speed rail connection between Sydney and Canberra Airport,[10] although doubt had been cast on the viability of the latter option by a study in 2012.[11] After a further study, on 15 April 2014 the Federal government confirmed that the second Sydney airport will be built at Badgerys Creek, as the Western Sydney Airport.[4]

History

In 1962 the state parliament debated the need for a second airport. It was decided that it should be built because Kingsford Smith had little room to expand. However the need was not urgent and it was decided to defer the planning and construction for at least 10 years. A new government body, the State Planning Authority (SPA) was created to oversee the future development of the region. The SPA had the primary task of planning the development of the new airport and the development of housing sites in the Western Sydney area to suit the growth of Sydney as the major city in Australia.

The SPA created a "no development zone" around the Badgerys Creek area in 1964 that would last for 20 years. This would give the government time to plan the airport and the infrastructure for it. This included roads and rail, and flight paths. Sydney was growing fast without the SPA the area would have been subdivided and redeveloped and the airport would have cost far more to build.

There was a strong reaction from farmers who owned land in Badgerys Creek. Some wanted to subdivide and take a profit; some wanted to stay and farm the land. Every change of government saw a change to the airport planning and further delays while the politicians tried to buy the now valuable land at a low price and dislodge those who could remember back to 1962 and could see a huge profit from holding out.

Around Badgerys Creek 20-litre paint tin lids with crude messages for the SPA were nailed to trees and power poles. These messages stayed until they rusted away and fell off, some lasting 20 years. It is interesting to note that planning for a second airport in Melbourne and Sydney started at the same time, but Melbourne opened its airport in 1970.

At the time of the original planning, the Badgerys Creek flight paths were over farm land to the south and over the sparsely populated suburb of Doonside to the north. Aircraft noise would not have been a problem and land would have been marked as Aircraft noise affected, had the plans been revealed.

1946 - 1969: Towra Point

In 1946, Towra Point in the south of Botany Bay was considered as a site for a second airport.[2] Arthur Gietzelt, a member of Sutherland Shire Council, opposed the proposition,[12] and in March 1969, the then Prime Minister (John Gorton) ruled out Towra Point as a potential site for a second airport, citing community noise problems.[13] In 1973, the then Minister for Transport accused Gorton of ruling out Towra Point as a site to sweeten his chances at the 1969 election.[14]

1970s - 1986: MANS Study

Planning for a second airport for Sydney commenced in the 1970s with the Major Airport Needs of Sydney (MANS) intergovernmental group established to select a site. In 1983 the newly elected Labor Federal Government hoped for quick decision, but it was not until 1986 that recommendations were made: Wilton or Badgerys Creek.[15] The federal government under Bob Hawke decided upon Badgerys Creek, but in 1989 it also made the decision to permit the construction of the third runway at Kingsford Smith. This resulted in a great deal of political fallout, and the Keating Government made limited moves towards the new airport at Badgerys Creek.

1999: Badgerys Creek

At the 1996 election, then Australian Prime Minister John Howard announced that he would explore the option of a second airport at Holsworthy, but that option was rejected in 1998 and Badgerys Creek was confirmed as the preferred site in 1999.[15] Commentators doubted if a major second airport for Sydney would ever be built, with a report given to the government in 1999 recommending that regional air travel be shifted to Bankstown Airport, a new general aviation airport be built at Badgerys Creek, a fast train between Sydney and Canberra be established, and investigation made on extension of the fast train to Melbourne and Brisbane.

2000: Stalled

In December 2000 the Federal Government decided not to build the second airport and also shelved the very fast train scoping study, while keeping regional airlines at Kingsford Smith and expanding Bankstown and Canberra airports.[16] In December 2003 John Anderson, the then transport minister, said "following exhaustive examination it is clear the existing airport at Mascot will be able to handle air traffic demands for a long time to come".[17]

2004–08: More studies

In May 2004 it was revealed that State and Federal parliaments had investigated the possibility of establishing the second Sydney airport at Well's Creek, not far from the townships of Sutton Forest, Berrima and Exeter. Before long however this option was discounted.[17]

The issue arose again in 2008, following the 2007 election of the Rudd Government. Convinced that capacity at the current airport would be exhausted, it began a search for a new site. The Federal Government wanted the second airport to be outside the Sydney basin and said it would examine alternatives from the Southern Highlands, to Newcastle and inland. Various options, including a freight-only airport operation, Camden, or converting part or all of RAAF Richmond and Canberra (or its nearby towns) as passenger and freight terminals were to be investigated for feasibility. Bankstown and Badgerys Creek, according to sources, were not to be included.[17]

2009: Canberra Airport proposal

In 2009, Canberra Airport management proposed that its facility would be the most appropriate location for a second Sydney airport, provided that a high-speed rail link (HSR) was built that reduced travel times between the cities to 50 minutes. Given existing development within the Sydney basin, a HSR link would probably be required whatever site is chosen, yet the Canberra option would potentially be cheaper overall. Existing infrastructure, such as the runways, terminals and navigational aids, would negate the need to develop a greenfields airport site.[18] The estimated cost (in 2009) of the Sydney-to-Canberra link was A$8 billion to $10 billion.[19]

2009–12: Joint Federal/NSW Government study

On Friday 2 March 2012 then Federal Transport Minister Anthony Albanese released a 3,200 page joint report costing $8m into Sydney's aviation capacity needs. Commissioned by the minister in 2009, the report was prepared by both state and federal bureaucrats, and private sector representatives.[20] It examined 34 potential airport sites.[21]

The study's major finding was that Badgerys Creek was "clearly the best site for a much-needed second airport for Sydney", describing the area as "the logical and most cost-effective site for another airport"[20] The report also "calls for planning to begin on a second airport at Badgerys Creek"[22] Badgerys' has been recommended by planners as an airport site since 1979, where 1700ha of land was acquired from 1986 to 1991[21] for an international airport, but had been rejected by both Labor and the Liberal-National party coalition politicians.[22]

The full report: http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/sydney_av_cap/index.aspx

Full capacity by 2027

Sydney Airport is struggling to accommodate the demand for flights into and out of the city and, by 2027, the airport will not be able to accommodate any extra flights.[20] The Sydney region passenger demand is forecast to more than double to 87 million passengers by 2035, and to double again by 2060.[23]

The study showed another airport was needed by 2030 if Sydney was to keep growing at current rates.[20][22] The study said this would delay flights across the country.[21]

Economic costs of inaction

Mascot upgrades

The study "advocates keeping the existing 11pm to 6am curfew for flights to Sydney's Mascot airport."[22] But it did recommend lifting the movement cap at Sydney Airport from 80 to 85 flights an hour.[20] Albanese ruled out raising the movement cap.[20]

When releasing the document Albanese reiterated that the government would not build an airport at Badgerys Creek.[20] Albanese instead said the government would begin planning studies for the second-best airport site, Wilton, further to the south-west. The report said Wilton would probably not attract enough business to be viable before 2030."[20] The then NSW Premier, Barry O'Farrell, opposed a second airport in the Sydney basin, and revived that idea of using Canberra Airport, linked to Sydney by high-speed rail. NSW Minister for Transport, Gladys Berejiklian supported this, but the report stated that this option was not feasible.[20]

New airport construction costs

Single-runway airport:

Parallel-runway International airport:

2013: Increasing support for Badgerys Creek

In 2013 Bob Meyer, planner at Cox Richardson Architects, presented a report that said only 2,913 homes would be moderately impacted by aircraft noise if Badgerys Creek International Airport goes ahead.[25] Most of the land surrounding the 17,000 hectare airport site is slated for industrial development, not residential, as part of the Western Sydney Employment Area.[25]

In February 2013 an alliance of Western Sydney councils (WSROC) reversed their position against an airport at Badgerys Creek, with a majority of members now supporting the site, citing economic value to the area.[26] The Gillard Government further made clear it supported a second airport located in Sydney, but was awaiting a report due in March regarding the feasibility of their preferred Wilton location. While in Opposition, the Abbott-led Coalition did not commit to a position on that matter, but prominent shadow ministers, including Joe Hockey, voiced their support for an airport at Badgerys Creek.[27] The NSW Government has remained firm in its opposition to any Sydney location, favouring spending infrastructure dollars on a high-speed rail link to Canberra.[28] The Sydney Airport Corporation continues to claim Kingsford-Smith has sufficient capacity.[26]

In October 2013 The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that Treasurer Joe Hockey had nominated a second Sydney airport at Badgerys Creek as one of the key infrastructure projects needed to stimulate the slowing Australian economy.[29] The newspaper had earlier that month quoted Infrastructure Minister Warren Truss saying that "Badgerys Creek was chosen as the best site decades ago and is government-owned."[30] In response to this news, The Sydney Morning Herald and The Daily Telegraph both reported that Qantas supported the proposal for establishing a curfew-free airport at Badgerys Creek,[31][32] with Qantas, Jetstar and Qatar Airways saying they would use a Badgerys Creek airport for commercial flights.[32]

In March 2014, the Sydney Morning Herald published a poll showing a 72% of NSW voters wanted an airport at Badgerys Creek.[33]

On the 15 April 2014, the Federal Government announced that Badgerys Creek will be the site of the Second Sydney Airport.[4] (See Western Sydney Airport).

2014: Negative reactions to a second airport at Badgerys Creek

After the confirmation of Badgerys Creek as the site for Sydney's Second Airport, some Western Sydney residents and local politicians started voicing their opposition to a 24-hour airport,.[34] The reaction of most residents of Sydney is more towards negative on the subject of the airport in their area.

To response, the Federal Government has focused on new jobs[4] and new infrastructure investments[35] including:

Critics however point out that this investment will simply route new traffic on to the already clogged M4, M7 and M5 complicating the commute of Western Sydney residents even further.

Residents are also questioning whether the promised jobs are real or a myth.[36]

Second Sydney airport — timeline of Commonwealth Government preferred sites

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ O'Brien, Kerry (17 August 1999). "Government delays decision on second Sydney airport". 7.30 Report. ABC Television. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Webb & Billing 2005.
  3. ↑ James 2012.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Truss, Warren; Tony Abbott. "Western Sydney Airport to Deliver Jobs and Infrastructure" (Press release). Ministry for Infrastructure and Regional Development. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  5. ↑ Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (27 February 2013). "Airport Traffic Data 1985–86 to 2011–12". BITRE. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  6. ↑ Laird, Philip (2001). Where We Are Now. Back on Track (UNSW Press). p. 29. ISBN 0-86840-411-X.
  7. ↑ Albanese, Anthony (10 May 2013). "Release of Wilton technical study" (Press release). Archived from the original on 25 July 2013.
  8. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob (12 August 2013). "Both parties have second Sydney airport in the pipeline, advocate says". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media).
  9. ↑ Clennell, Andrew (2 January 2013). "Liberals in Sydney airport dogfight". The Daily Telegraph. News Limited. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  10. ↑ Budd, Henry (16 February 2013). "Wilton option won't fly for our second airport". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  11. ↑ Joint Study on aviation capacity in the Sydney region 2012, p. 23.
  12. ↑ http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/arthur-gietzelts-left-leanings-held-fast-in-political-life-20140202-31uw1.html
  13. ↑ "ParlInfo - TASMANIA : Sydney Airport: Towra Point Development (Question No. 1918)". Parlinfo.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  14. ↑ "Galston site decision 'not irreversible'.". The Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995) (ACT: National Library of Australia). 12 September 1973. p. 22. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Laird, Philip (2001). Where We Are Now. Back on Track (UNSW Press). p. 30. ISBN 0-86840-411-X.
  16. ↑ Davies, Anne (28 May 2004). "Found: a new airport option". Sydney Morning Herald. www.smh.com.au. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Farr, Malcolm (5 May 2008). "Search on for second Sydney airport". The Daily Telegraph. www.news.com.au. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  18. ↑ Gibson, Jano (10 February 2009). "Sydney to Canberra in 50 minutes: fast tracking second airport". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  19. ↑ Gibson, Jano (11 February 2009). "Fast train to Canberra for second airport". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 Saulwick, Jacob (2 March 2012). "Minister rejects Badgerys Creek for second airport". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 Saulwick, Jacob (3 March 2012). "Second airport proposal struggles to get off ground". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Michaela Whitbourn, Michaela (2 March 2012). "Sydney needs second airport: govt report". Financial Review. AAP. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  23. ↑ "No airport cap or curfew change: Albanese". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). AAP. 2 March 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Joint Study on aviation capacity in the Sydney region 2012, p. 321.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Saulwick, Jacob (16 February 2013). "Badgerys: much gain, little pain". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Clennell, Andrew (22 February 2013). "The west is backing a second airport for Sydney". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  27. ↑ Benson, Simon (21 February 2013). "Sydney's gridlocked airport choking the whole nation". The Daily Telegraph. News Limited. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  28. ↑ "High-Speed Rail needed between Sydney and Canberra: NSW Premier". Committee for Economic Development of Australia. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  29. ↑ Benson, Simon (23 October 2013). "Badgerys Creek finally set to take off - Treasurer Joe Hockey set to fund second Sydney airport in his first federal budget". The Daily Telegraph (News Limited). Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  30. ↑ Mills, Daniel (14 October 2013). "No perfect site but Badgerys Creek the best option". Liverpool Leader (News Limited).
  31. ↑ O'Sullivan, Matt (23 October 2013). "What have you been smoking? Sydney Airport chairman laughs off new airport". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Benson, Simon (28 October 2013). "Qantas and Jetstar confirm they would use a western Sydney airport at Badgerys Creek". The Daily Telegraph.
  33. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/back-badgerys--or-lose-barry-ofarrell-told-20140301-33szn.html. Retrieved 4 March 2014. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ "Reactions to Badgerys Creek". The Daily Telegraph. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  35. ↑ "Tony Abbott gets cracking on a $3.5b roads plan for Western Sydney and Badgerys Creek". The Daily Telegraph. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  36. ↑ "Airport jobs myth". Macarthur Chronicle (Camden Edition). 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Ramsey, Alan (30 July 2003). "Airport drone a chronic case of terminal lethargy". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  38. ↑ James, Matthew (10 July 2012). "Second Sydney Airport: a decade of deferral 2002–2012". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  39. ↑ Crean, Simon (27 July 2003). "No airport at Badgerys Creek under Labor". Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  40. ↑ Benson, Simon (26 August 2013). "Locals want a second airport at Badgerys Creek". The Daily Telegraph (News Limited).

References