Seattle Liberation Front

The Seattle Liberation Front, or SLF, was a radical anti-Vietnam War movement, based in Seattle, Washington, in the United States. The group, founded by then-University of Washington visiting philosophy professor and political activist Michael Lerner, carried out its protest activities from 1970 to 1971.^[1]

The most famous members of the SLF were the "Seattle Seven" — seven SLF members charged with "conspiracy to incite a riot" in the wake of a violent protest at a courthouse. The members of the Seattle Seven were Lerner himself, as well as Jeff Dowd, Joe Kelly, Susan Stern, Michael Abeles, Charles Marshall III, and Roger Lippman.^[2]

Formation

After the nationwide organization Students for a Democratic Society disintegrated in 1969, Michael Lerner, an instructor newly arrived in Seattle from Berkeley, California, felt compelled to start up his own local group. He kick-started his efforts by inviting Jerry Rubin, a notable counterculture figure, to speak on the University of Washington campus on January 17, 1970 – two days later, the SLF was formed, largely composed of students and radicals coming out of organizations (like the SDS) that had recently disbanded.^[3] One of the SLF's first actions was to hold a demonstration in support of the Chicago Seven, a group of radicals charged with inciting riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

Affiliation with Weathermen

Chip Marshall was one of the leading members of the Seattle Liberation Front after the split within the SDS in 1969. In an interview with Time magazine in 1980, Marshall commented on the takeover of the SDS by the Weathermen, a radical left faction. He said the Weathermen had established cultural standards to which members were to adhere. Marshall did not agree with destroying monogamy, cutting family ties, and devaluing personal relationships.^[4] The relationship between the Weatherman and the Seattle Liberation Front remains somewhat ambiguous. Both groups shared many of the same political viewpoints, where they participated in protests and demonstrations.^[5] Marshall's comments depict the void that separated the two groups from working together based on their common viewpoints.^[4]

Demonstration

SLF planned a demonstration to be held at the Federal Courthouse in downtown Seattle on February 17, 1970. It is commonly referred to by former SLF members as "The Day After" or "TDA." The roughly 2,000 protesters in attendance escalated their protests into violence, throwing rocks and paint bombs at both the courthouse and at police responding to the scene. Twenty were injured in the riot, and 76 were arrested.^[6] In March 1970, the Seattle Liberation Front, UW Black Student Union and Weatherman organized hundreds of protesters at the University of Washington’s campus.^[7] The groups wanted the university to sever its athletic links with Brigham Young University, a Mormon school that was accused of racism. Seattle Liberation Front and Black Student Union supporters initiated a riot that moved through eleven buildings at the University of Washington’s Seattle campus.^[4] Around 200 chanting demonstrators left a trail of damage throughout the campus.^[7]

Charges and trial

Two months later, on April 16, a federal grand jury indicted eight members of the SLF on charges of inciting the February 17 riot (one of the eight, Michael Justesen, disappeared but was later arrested in California by the FBI^[8] in an infiltration of the Weathermen). Federal District Judge George Boldt was assigned the case, which began in his Tacoma courtroom on November 6, 1970. The trial was quickly derailed by the defendants' vocal disruptions, a protest walkout, and their eventual refusal to enter the courtroom.^[9] Boldt declared a mistrial on December 10, citing all defendants for contempt of court.^[9] He summarily found them guilty of contempt, sentenced them to six months in prison, and refused to grant bail.^[9][10] The defendants eventually served three months in prison.^[11]

The original charges of inciting a riot and conspiracy to damage the Seattle Federal Building were unsuccessfully prosecuted. Most observers agreed that the prosecution's case was floundering (aided by the admission of government witnesses on the stand that they would "go to any length" to combat the radicals. It is believed that the Seattle Seven would have been freed had they not provoked the elderly judge with catcalls during the proceedings.^[4]

Aftermath/ Recent Activities

Due to the publicity of the trial, the Seattle Liberation Front faced ideological dissension, personality conflicts, and charges of "male chauvinism." In the fall of 1970 SLF sponsored a short-lived weekly underground newspaper, Sabot, which folded in December after a three-month run amid political infighting among the staff.^[3] In late 1971, the SLF was disbanded. Many of the individual SLF members continued to promote diverse social movements, such as Capitol Hill's Country Doctor Clinic.^[3] Lerner, the founder of SLF, eventually became the editor of Tikkun and an advisor to President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. Jeff Dowd went to Hollywood to become a screenwriter and producer. Chip Marshall remained active in Washington politics, running for Seattle City Council in 1976 and working as a neighborhood activist in Issaquah.

In the movie The Big Lebowski, the main character Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski (who is based on Jeff Dowd) says, "Did you ever hear of the Seattle Seven? That was me ... and six other guys."

Notes

References

• Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Weather Underground Organization (Weatherman)", (Illinois: Chicago Field Office 1976).
• Susan Stern, "With the Weathermen: The Personal Journal of a Revolutionary Woman", (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.) 1975.

External links

• HistoryLink.org Seattle Liberation Front
• University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam War Era Ephemera This collection contains leaflets and newspapers that were distributed on the University of Washington campus during the decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Includes ephemera from the Seattle Liberation Front.