Sea-Monkeys
| Sea-Monkeys | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Other names | Instant Life |
| Type | novelty aquarium pet |
| Inventor | Harold von Braunhut |
| Country | United States |
| Availability | 1957– |
Sea-Monkeys is a brand name for brine shrimp—a group of crustaceans that undergo cryptobiosis—sold in hatching kits as novelty aquarium pets. Invented in 1957 by Harold von Braunhut, the product was heavily marketed, especially in comic books, and remains a presence in popular culture.
History
Ant farms had been popularised in 1956 by Milton Levine.[1] Harold von Braunhut invented a brine-shrimp-based product the next year, 1957.[1]
Initially called "Instant Life", von Braunhut changed the name to "Sea-Monkeys" in 1962. The new name was based on the supposed resemblance of the animals' tails to those of monkeys, and their salt-water habitat.[2]
Sea-Monkeys were intensely marketed in comic books[2] using illustrations by the comic-book illustrator Joe Orlando. These showed humanoid animals that bear no resemblance to the crustaceans.[3] Many purchasers were disappointed by the dissimilarity, and by the short lifespan of the animals.[2] Von Braunhut is quoted as stating: "I think I bought something like 3.2 million pages of comic book advertising a year. It worked beautifully."[2]
Use
A colony is started by adding the contents of a packet labelled "Water Purifier" to a tank of water. This packet contains salt and some brine shrimp eggs.[3] After 24 hours, this is augmented with the contents of a packet labelled "Instant Life Eggs", containing more eggs, yeast, borax, soda, salt, some food and sometimes a dye.[3] The Sea-monkeys that hatched from the original eggs seem to appear instantly.[3] "Growth Food" containing yeast and spirulina is then added every few days.[3]
Biology
The animals sold as Sea-Monkeys are an artificial breed known as Artemia NYOS (New York Ocean Science), formed by hybridising different species of Artemia.[2] They undergo cryptobiosis or anhydrobiosis, a condition of apparent lifelessness which allows them to survive the desiccation of the temporary pools in which they live.[1]
Astronaut John Glenn took Sea-Monkeys into space on October 29, 1998 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery during mission STS-95. After nine days in space, they were returned to Earth, and hatched eight weeks later apparently unaffected by their travels.[3]
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 May Berenbaum (2000). "Sea monkey see, sea monkey do". Buzzwords: a Scientist Muses on Sex, Bugs, and Rock 'n' Roll. Joseph Henry Press. pp. 45–49. ISBN 978-0-309-06835-2.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Tim Walsh (2005). "Ant Farm and Sea-Monkeys". Timeless Toys: Classic Toys and the Playmakers who Created Them. Andrews McMeel Publishing. pp. 124–129. ISBN 978-0-7407-5571-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Sharon M. Scott (2010). "Sea-Monkeys". Toys and American Culture: an Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 282–284. ISBN 978-0-313-34798-6.