Scottish Premier League

"SPL2" redirects here. For a movie, see SPL II.
Scottish Premier League
Country  Scotland
Confederation UEFA
Founded 1998
Folded 2013
Number of teams 12 (2000–2013)
10 (1998–2000)
Level on pyramid 1
Most championships Celtic (8)[note 1]

The Scottish Premier League (SPL) was the top level league competition for professional football clubs in Scotland. The league was founded in 1998, when it broke away from the Scottish Football League (SFL). It was abolished in 2013, when the SPL and SFL merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League,[1] with its top division being known as the Scottish Premiership. A total of 19 clubs competed in the SPL, but only the Old Firm clubs, Celtic and Rangers won the league championship.

Background

For most of its history, the Scottish Football League had a two divisional structure (Divisions One and Two) between which clubs were promoted and relegated at the end of each season. However, by the mid-1970s, this organisation was perceived to be stagnant, and it was decided to split into a three divisional structure: Premier Division (formerly Division One), First Division (formerly Division Two) and a newly added Second Division. This system came into force for the 1975–76 season. This setup continued until the 1994–95 season, when a four divisional structure was introduced. This involved the creation of a Third Division, with all four divisions consisting of ten clubs.

On 8 September 1997, the clubs in the Premier Division decided to split from the Scottish Football League and form a Scottish Premier League. This followed an earlier example in England, which came into force during the 1992–93 season. This decision was fuelled by a desire by the top clubs in Scotland to retain more of the revenue generated by the game. Originally, league sponsorship money was divided proportionally between clubs in all four divisions. After the SPL was formed, its clubs retained all of its commercial revenues except for an annual payment to the SFL and a parachute payment to relegated clubs.

Competition format

Hearts take on Hibernian in an Edinburgh Derby played at Tynecastle in December 2006

Teams received three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points were awarded for a loss. Teams were ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points was crowned league champion. If points were equal, the goal difference and then goals scored determine the winner.

Split

Originally the SPL contained 10 clubs, but it subsequently enlarged to 12 for the 2000–01 season and retained this structure until 2013. The increase from 10 clubs to 12 was part of the deal offered to obtain approval from SFL member clubs. After the expansion to 12 clubs the SPL operated a "split" format. This was done to prevent the need for a 44-game schedule, based on playing each other four times. That format had been used in the Scottish Premier Division, but was considered to be too high a number of games in a league season.

A season, which runs from July until May, was divided into two phases. During the first phase, each club played three games against every other team, either once at home and twice away or vice versa. After this first phase of matches, by which time all clubs had played 33 games, the league split into a 'top six' and a 'bottom six'. Each club then played a further five matches against the other five teams in their own section. Points achieved during the first phase of 33 matches were carried forward to the second phase, but the teams competed only within their own sections during the second phase. After the first phase was completed, clubs could not move out of their own section in the league, even if they achieved more or fewer points than a higher or lower ranked team, respectively.

At the beginning of each season, the SPL 'predicted' the likely positions of each club in order to produce a fixture schedule that ensured the best possible chance of all clubs playing each other twice at home and twice away. This was known as the league seeding and was based on clubs' performance in previous years.[2] If a club did not finish in the half where it was predicted to finish, it faced the possibility of playing an unequal number of home and away games. For example, one club would sometimes play another three times at home and once away.[2]

There was criticism of the split season format. In April 2007, Craig Levein labelled it as "rubbish" and a "nonsense", claiming that it resulted in lost revenue for clubs and put more pressure on managers,[3] while Rangers manager Walter Smith branded the format as "unfair" and called for an 18-team league to be considered.[4] The SPL defended the split format, however, and dismissed the possibility of expanding the league due to a lack of strong enough clubs within the Scottish Football League.[2] In March 2008 Kilmarnock manager Jim Jefferies was the latest to call for a league revamp, claiming that the potential for four matches per season against the same opponent is too many.[5]

Promotion and relegation

The bottom placed SPL club at the end of the season was relegated, and swapped places with the winner of the Scottish First Division, provided that the winner satisfied the SPL entry criteria. These promotion criteria sometimes caused controversy. In 2003, the chairmen of the member clubs voted against Falkirk's proposed ground share with Airdrie United and stopped the club from having the 10,000 capacity stadium it required, thus saving Motherwell from relegation.[6]

The same situation nearly materialised in 2004. After several votes and discussion, including threats of court cases from Partick Thistle, the team threatened with relegation, Inverness Caledonian Thistle were promoted on the basis that they would ground share with Aberdeen at Pittodrie.[7] In 2005, the stadium size criterion for entry to the SPL was reduced to 6,000,[8] thereby allowing Inverness Caledonian Thistle to return to their home stadium during the 2005–06 season.[8]

Old Firm dominance

Both sets of fans at an Old Firm match at Celtic Park

One of the main criticisms of the SPL was the dominance of the two Old Firm clubs, Celtic and Rangers. No team outside the Old Firm has won the Scottish league championship since 1985. Until Rangers were ejected from the SPL due to their liquidation, there was only one SPL season (2005–06) where both clubs failed to occupy first and second positions, with Hearts finishing second behind Celtic.[9] Whilst other European leagues were dominated by a few clubs in the 2000s, the Old Firm dominance in Scotland dated back to the beginning of Scottish league football, with a few exceptional periods. The average home attendances of both clubs is significantly higher than the other Scottish clubs, which resulted in the Old Firm having far greater revenues and therefore more money to spend on players. Both clubs also received significant revenues from participation in the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.

Despite having more resources than other Scottish clubs, the Old Firm experienced difficulty in competing with big clubs from other leagues in terms of transfer fees and player wages due to the SPL's relatively low television revenue. A recurring theme during the existence of the SPL was the prospect of the two clubs leaving the Scottish football set-up to join the English football league system, an Atlantic League with clubs from countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Portugal, or forming a new European Super League.[10][11] While some observers believed that the departure of the Old Firm from the Scottish football setup would be detrimental to Scottish football as a whole,[12][13] others, such as Craig Levein, believed it would benefit Scottish football due to increased competition among the remaining clubs for the SPL title.[14] World football's governing body FIFA ruled out the prospect of any Old Firm move to the English set-up.[15] The duopoly was effectively broken when Rangers entered administration in 2012 and were liquidated after they failed to reach an agreement with creditors. Rangers were relaunched by a new company and were voted into the Scottish Football League Third Division.[16]

In March 2013, Rangers chief executive Charles Green suggested that Rangers could join the Football Conference and that EU competition law banning restraints of trade could be used to overcome any legal barriers to such a plan.[17] Green also suggested that Rangers and Celtic would not be playing in the Scottish league system in 10 years time.[17] Scotland manager Gordon Strachan said that he believed the Old Firm clubs would join a future new 38-club two-division European Super League.[11]

Winter break

The SPL instituted a 'winter break' during January of each season, starting with the 1998–99 season. This was scrapped from the 2000–01 season, forcing clubs to play throughout January and sometimes resulting in postponement of matches and significant damage to clubs' pitches. Managers Martin O'Neill,[18] Jim Duffy[18] and Walter Smith were among those who called for the winter break to be reinstated.[19] Alex McLeish accused the SPL of taking Scottish football "back to the Dark Ages" after its decision to scrap the mid-season hiatus.[18]

European qualification

Rangers playing FC Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the 2007–08 Champions League

In the seasons after the SPL's inception, Scotland's UEFA coefficient improved significantly, having been ranked 26th in 1998–99,[20] they reached a high of 10th at the end of the 2007-08 season.[21] The SPL ranking declined after this, with the league falling back to 24th position at the end of 2012-13.[22]

In 2003 Celtic became the first Scottish club since Dundee United in 1987 to reach a European final, eventually losing 3–2 to F.C. Porto after extra time in the UEFA Cup final.[23] In 2003–04, two Scottish clubs (Celtic and Rangers) qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the first time. In 2005–06, Rangers became the first Scottish club to reach the knockout stage of the Champions League,[24] a feat which was repeated by Celtic the following two seasons.[25][26] In the 2007–08 season, three Scottish clubs were competing in Europe after Christmas for the first time since 1970,[27] while in the same season Rangers reached the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, but lost 2–0 to Russian club Zenit St. Petersburg.[28] During the season Scotland's European representatives collected the most coefficient points since the 1982–83 season.[20]

Players

Scottish Premier League clubs had almost complete freedom to sign whatever number and category of players they wish. There was no team or individual salary cap, no squad size limit, no age restrictions other than those applied by general employment law, no restrictions on the overall number of foreign players, and few restrictions on individual foreign players. All players with EU nationality, including those able to claim an EU passport through a parent or grandparent, were eligible to play, and top players from outside the EU were able to obtain UK work permits.

The only restriction on selection was the "Under-21 rule". This rule stated that each club must include at least three players under the age of 21 in its matchday squad. Opinions on this rule were divided among SPL managers. Walter Smith, Gus MacPherson and Jim Jefferies expressed their disapproval of the policy.[29] John Collins approved of the ruling, claiming that it is healthy for Scottish football and encouraged the development of young players.[29]

A decline in television revenue resulted in relatively little spending among SPL clubs, with major transfer spending mostly limited to the Old Firm clubs. As a result, most clubs became reliant on developing their own young players and selling them on for profit. This also resulted in a large proportion of SPL clubs' squads being made up of Scottish players (73% in the 2004–05 season).[30]

Finances

Attendance

Due to its relatively low income from television and commercial partners, Scottish clubs were highly dependent on revenues from fans attending matches. More people in Scotland per head of population watched their domestic top-level league than any other European nation.[31] All ten of the clubs that played in the 1998–99 Scottish Premier League also participated in the 2011–12 Scottish Premier League.[9] Nine of those ten clubs recorded lower average attendance.[9] Celtic had a 14% decline in attendance since a peak season of 2000–01, when the club won the domestic treble.[9] Dunfermline, who were newly promoted to the SPL in 2011–12, only saw an increase of 939 in average attendance from the 2010–11 Scottish First Division season.[9] They also attracted a bigger crowd for a Fife derby game in the First Division against Raith Rovers than any game in the SPL.[9]

Sponsorship

The Bank of Scotland, who had sponsored the league since March 1999 (the League was unsponsored for most of the inaugural season), did not renew their sponsorship at the end of the 2006–07 season. Talks began with Clydesdale Bank,[32] and a four-year deal for £8m came into effect from July 2007[33] and in 2010 this was extended until 2013.[34]

Insolvency events

During the SPL era, six of its member clubs entered administration. Serious financial difficulties first arose in 2002 when broadcaster Sky Sports withdrew their interest in the League’s television rights when the SPL rejected their offer of £45m, hoping that a better deal would arise from another broadcaster.[35] A better deal failed to arise, however, adding to the clubs’ already delicate financial position.[35] Total debt among SPL clubs was estimated during 2001–02 to be around £132m, having been barely into double figures two years previously.[35] Motherwell became the first SPL club to enter administration in April 2002, with debts of £11m and a wage bill totalling 97% of their annual turnover.[35] Dundee were next to follow, when in November 2003 they sacked 25 staff after debts of £20m.[35]

The severity of the SPL's financial problems were revealed in September 2003 when combined losses for SPL clubs during 2001–02 was estimated to have been £60m.[36] A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) in 2003 described five SPL clubs—Dundee, Dunfermline Athletic, Hearts, Hibernian and Livingston—as "technically insolvent". Livingston became the third SPL club to enter administration in February 2004, with debts of £3.5m.[37] Dunfermline Athletic's financial position also looked bleak, with several players asked to take wage-cuts,[38] while Rangers chairman David Murray announced in September 2004 a plan to raise £57m via a rights issue in an attempt to wipe out a large proportion of the club's debts.[39]

After widespread cost-cutting measures, the finances of SPL clubs began to show signs of improvement. Both Motherwell and Dundee came out of administration in April[40] and August 2004[41] respectively, while Livingston ended their fifteen-month spell in administration in May 2005.[42] The 2006 report on SPL finances by PWC revealed operating profits of £2.8m among SPL clubs—the first collective operating profit made by Scotland's top-flight clubs in over a decade.[43] Seven of the SPL's 12 clubs had a wage turnover ratio of less than 60%.[43]

The 2007 report by PWC revealed a collective loss of £9m for 2005–06, although six clubs—Falkirk, Hibernian, Inverness CT, Kilmarnock, Motherwell and Rangers— made a profit.[44] The report highlighted the increasingly precarious financial position of Hearts, describing their current finances as "unsustainable" with debt rising by £7m to £28m and a wage bill which represents 97% of their turnover.[44] The figures for 2006–07 showed a collective profit of £3m, with eight clubs making a profit.[45]

In March 2008, Gretna became the fourth SPL club to enter administration.[46] Their main benefactor Brooks Mileson was forced to withdraw his financial support due to failing health.[46] The club was liquidated after it had been relegated to the Scottish Football League at the end of the 2007–08 Scottish Premier League.[47] Gretna fans formed a new club, Gretna 2008, which entered the East of Scotland Football League.[47]

With the financial crises and the UK economic recession, SPL clubs were badly affected.[48] A reduction in revenue from ticket sales for SPL games and club merchandise impacted negatively on club expenditure. Players were asked to consider wage cuts and team squads were reduced.[49] Indeed some clubs may reduce the number of non-playing staff.[50][51] During 2009 and 2010, the financial constraints at Rangers were widely reported, with the club's debt rising to £30 million.[52]

The 21st PWC annual review found that SPL clubs made a collective loss of £22M during the 2008–09 season, although this loss was almost entirely due to problems at two clubs.[53] Rangers incurred a £14M loss after losing most of their European revenues due to an early defeat by FBK Kaunas, while Hearts lost £8M.[53] In 2010, Hearts were described by The Scotsman as the only true financial "basket case" in the SPL, with the club having a wages-to-turnover ratio of 126% and debt of over three times turnover.[53] Rangers stabilised financially in the next two seasons, thanks to income generated from Champions League participation.[53] Rangers entered administration on 14 February 2012,[54] owing an approximate £9m in unpaid taxes and with an ongoing tribunal with HMRC.[55] HMRC blocked a proposed Company Voluntary Arrangement in June 2012, forcing preferred bidder Charles Green to use a new company to buy out the business and assets of Rangers.[56] Weeks before the SPL merged into the Scottish Professional Football League, Hearts became the sixth SPL club to enter administration.

Media coverage

Television

A cameraman pitchside at Tynecastle Stadium

Between 1998–99 and 2001–02, exclusive television rights for live Scottish Premier League matches were held by Sky Sports. In January 2002 the SPL rejected a £45m offer from Sky Sports and began considering setting up its own pay-per-view channel, dubbed "SPL TV".[57] These plans broke down in April 2002, however, when the Old Firm clubs, Rangers and Celtic, utilised the 11–1 voting system to veto the proposals.[58] This caused discontent among the remaining 10 SPL clubs who subsequently announced their intention to resign from the league.[59]

Despite a two-year television deal being agreed with BBC Scotland in July 2002, for a significant amount less than the money previously offered by Sky Sports,[60] the 10 non-Old Firm clubs confirmed their resignation from the SPL in August 2002, citing discontent with the voting system.[61] The ten clubs withdrew their resignations in January 2003 after an agreement was reached to change some of the voting procedures and to change the distribution of TV revenue.[62]

The SPL agreed a television rights deal with Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports in February 2004 in a four-year deal worth £35m.[63] This deal was revised in 2006, with a two-year extension to the original deal agreed, the new four-year deal now being worth £54.5m and running to 2010. In June 2008, it was announced that a further four-year deal would commence for the 2010–11 season, with the deal worth £125m.[64] Setanta lost the rights to show live SPL games in the United Kingdom as they were unable to pay the £3 million they owed to the SPL.[65] The SPL then agreed a deal with ESPN and Sky Sports worth £13 million per season to the clubs.[65] This was comparable to the deal which was in place with Setanta,[65] but it was around half of the amount that Setanta was due to pay from 2010.[66] The Old Firm criticised the decision of nine of the other SPL clubs to accept that offer from Setanta, instead of taking an alternative package from Sky that would have been worth significantly more than the deal signed after Setanta went into administration.[66]

In 2009, Sky and ESPN agreed a five-year deal with the SPL where they would pay a total of £65m for the rights to show 30 matches each per season. In November 2011, it was announced that a five-year extension to the contract would commence from the 2012–13 season.[67] This deal was amended after Rangers entered insolvency and were not allowed to transfer their SPL membership to a new company.[68] The rights held by ESPN were acquired by BT Sport in February 2013.[69]

BBC Scotland's Sportscene held the rights to broadcast highlights of each game first on terrestrial TV. The BBC also held the rights to show on-line internet highlights to UK users for one week after each game. BBC Alba, launched in September 2008, showed one full SPL game per week in delayed coverage.[70] BBC Alba will also showed some live matches in the 2012–13 season.[70] The SPL was broadcast in Australia by Setanta Sports Australia, in Canada by Sportsnet World and in the USA by Fox Soccer Channel & Fox Soccer Plus.

Radio

Radio broadcasting rights were held by BBC Radio Scotland.[71] BBC Radio Scotland also provided internet webcasts to all Scottish Premier League matches, having become the first broadcaster to introduce such a service in June 2000.[72] Old Firm games were also broadcast on BBC Radio 5 Live and 102.5 Clyde 1.

Member clubs

The clubs listed below competed in the Scottish Premier League.

Club City/Town
Aberdeen Aberdeen
Celtic Glasgow
Dundee Dundee
Dundee United Dundee
Dunfermline Athletic Dunfermline
Falkirk Falkirk
Gretna Gretna
Hamilton Academical Hamilton
Heart of Midlothian Edinburgh
Hibernian Edinburgh
Inverness CT Inverness
Kilmarnock Kilmarnock
Livingston Livingston
Motherwell Motherwell
Partick Thistle Glasgow
Rangers Glasgow
Ross County Dingwall
St. Johnstone Perth
St. Mirren Paisley

Stadia

The following stadia were used by clubs in the Scottish Premier League.

Celtic Park, the SPL's biggest stadium by capacity
Stadium Club Notes
Almondvale Stadium Livingston and Gretna Gretna used Almondvale Stadium for one SPL match in 2008, as the Fir Park pitch was in poor condition.
Caledonian Stadium Inverness C.T.
Celtic Park Celtic The biggest club stadium in Scotland by seating capacity.[73]
Dens Park Dundee
East End Park Dunfermline Athletic
Easter Road Hibernian
Falkirk Stadium Falkirk
Fir Park Motherwell and Gretna Gretna shared Fir Park with Motherwell during the 2007–08 season as Raydale Park did not meet SPL criteria.
Firhill Stadium Partick Thistle
Ibrox Stadium Rangers
Love Street St. Mirren St. Mirren closed Love Street in January 2009 and moved to the newly built St. Mirren Park.
McDiarmid Park St. Johnstone First purpose-built all-seater stadium in Scotland.[74]
New Douglas Park Hamilton Academical
Pittodrie Stadium Aberdeen and Inverness C.T. Inverness C.T. shared Pittodrie Stadium with Aberdeen for part of the 2004–05 season while the Caledonian Stadium was being upgraded to meet SPL criteria.
Rugby Park Kilmarnock
St. Mirren Park St. Mirren
Tannadice Park Dundee United
Tynecastle Stadium Heart of Midlothian
Victoria Park Ross County

Statistics

Championships

Season Winner Runner-up Relegated Top scorer Players' Player of the Year Writers' Player of the Year
1998–99 Rangers Celtic Dunfermline Athletic Henrik Larsson 29 (Celtic) Henrik Larsson (Celtic) Henrik Larsson (Celtic)
1999–2000 Rangers Celtic No relegation[note 2] Mark Viduka 25 (Celtic) Mark Viduka (Celtic) Barry Ferguson (Rangers)
2000–01 Celtic Rangers St. Mirren Henrik Larsson 35 (Celtic) Henrik Larsson (Celtic) Henrik Larsson (Celtic)
2001–02 Celtic Rangers St. Johnstone Henrik Larsson 29 (Celtic) Lorenzo Amoruso (Rangers) Paul Lambert (Celtic)
2002–03 Rangers Celtic No relegation[note 3] Henrik Larsson 28 (Celtic) Barry Ferguson (Rangers) Barry Ferguson (Rangers)
2003–04 Celtic Rangers Partick Thistle Henrik Larsson 30 (Celtic) Chris Sutton (Celtic) Jackie McNamara (Celtic)
2004–05 Rangers Celtic Dundee John Hartson 25 (Celtic) John Hartson (Celtic)
Fernando Ricksen (Rangers)		 John Hartson (Celtic)
2005–06 Celtic Heart of Midlothian Livingston Kris Boyd 32 (15 – Kilmarnock, 17 – Rangers) Shaun Maloney (Celtic) Craig Gordon (Hearts)
2006–07 Celtic Rangers Dunfermline Athletic Kris Boyd 20 (Rangers) Shunsuke Nakamura (Celtic) Shunsuke Nakamura (Celtic)
2007–08 Celtic Rangers Gretna Scott McDonald 25 (Celtic) Aiden McGeady (Celtic) Carlos Cuéllar (Rangers)
2008–09 Rangers Celtic Inverness CT Kris Boyd 27 (Rangers) Scott Brown (Celtic) Gary Caldwell (Celtic)
2009–10 Rangers Celtic Falkirk Kris Boyd 23 (Rangers) Steven Davis (Rangers) David Weir (Rangers)
2010–11 Rangers Celtic Hamilton Academical Kenny Miller 21 (Rangers) Emilio Izaguirre (Celtic) Emilio Izaguirre (Celtic)
2011–12 Celtic Rangers Dunfermline Athletic Gary Hooper 24 (Celtic) Charlie Mulgrew (Celtic) Charlie Mulgrew (Celtic)
2012–13 Celtic Motherwell Dundee Michael Higdon 26 (Motherwell) Michael Higdon (Motherwell) Leigh Griffiths (Hibernian)

All-time SPL table

This table is a cumulative record of all SPL matches played. The table is accurate from the 1998–99 season to the end of the 2012–13 season, inclusive.[75]

P
Club
Ssn
Pld
W
D
L
F
A
GD
Pts
PPG
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1Celtic 15 566 412 82 72 1304 453 +851 1318 2.329 8 7
2Rangers[note 4] 14 528 364 93 71 1150 418 +732 1175 2.225 7 6 1
3Heart of Midlothian 15 566 229 139 198 733 670 +63 826 1.459 1 5 1
4Motherwell 15 566 195 132 239 708 839 −131 717 1.267 1 2 1
5Kilmarnock 15 566 189 145 232 685 811 −126 712 1.258 3
6Aberdeen 15 566 188 143 235 651 785 −134 707 1.249 1 4
7Hibernian 14 530 183 134 213 712 761 −49 683 1.289 2 2
8Dundee United 15 566 173 162 231 674 845 −171 681 1.203 1 2
9Inverness CT 8 304 97 83 124 380 417 −37 374 1.23 1
10St. Johnstone 8 300 90 87 123 307 398 −91 357 1.19 2
11Dunfermline Athletic 9 340 83 89 168 335 565 −230 338 0.994 1
12Dundee 8 300 87 70 143 336 478 −142 331 1.103
13St. Mirren 8 304 68 91 145 277 446 −169 295 0.97
14Falkirk 5 190 51 48 91 197 277 −80 201 1.058
15Livingston 5 190 48 45 97 205 306 −101 189 0.995 1
16Hamilton Academical 3 114 30 26 58 93 158 −65 116 1.018
17Partick Thistle 2 76 14 19 43 76 125 −49 61 0.803
18Ross County 1 38 13 14 11 47 48 −1 53 1.395
19Gretna[note 5] 1 38 5 8 25 32 83 −51 13 0.342

P = Position; Ssn = Number of seasons; Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points; Ppg = Points per game

Top goalscorers

Kilmarnock and Rangers player Kris Boyd scored the most goals in the SPL, with 167 goals.[76] He broke the previous record of 158, set by Henrik Larsson, by scoring five goals for Rangers in a 7–1 win against Dundee United on 30 December 2009. Boyd and Larsson were the only players who scored more than 100 goals in the SPL era. There are players who scored far more goals in the predecessor Scottish Football League competition, with Jimmy McGrory and Bob McPhail each scoring more than 300 goals in the top flight of Scottish football.[77]

Top 10 SPL goalscorers

Kris Boyd, the SPL's all-time top goalscorer
As of 13:40, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
Rank Player Club(s)[note 6] Goals
1 Kris Boyd Kilmarnock (2001–2006)
Rangers (2006–2010)
Kilmarnock (2013) 		167
2 Henrik Larsson[note 7] Celtic (1998–2004) 158
3 Derek Riordan[note 7] Hibernian (2001–2006)
Celtic (2006–2008)
Hibernian (2008–2011)
St. Johnstone (2012)		95
4 Scott McDonald Motherwell (2004–2007)
Celtic (2007–2010) 		93
5 John Hartson Celtic (2001–2006) 88
6 Kenny Miller[note 7] Hibernian (1999–2000)
Rangers (2000–2001)
Celtic (2006–2007)
Rangers (2008–2011) 		75
7 Michael Higdon Falkirk (2007–2009)
St. Mirren (2009–2011)
Motherwell (2011–2013) 		73
Nacho Novo[note 7] Dundee (2002–2004)
Rangers (2004–2010)
9 Anthony Stokes Falkirk (2006–2007)
Hibernian (2009–2010)
Celtic (2010–2013) 		67
10 Colin Nish[note 7] Dunfermline Athletic (1999–2003)
Kilmarnock (2003–2008)
Hibernian (2008–2011)
Dundee (2012–2013) 		64

Records and awards

Biggest home win
Celtic 9–0 Aberdeen (2010–11)[75]
Biggest away win
Dunfermline Athletic 1–8 Celtic (2005–06)[75]
Most goals in a game
Motherwell 6–6 Hibernian (2009–10)[75]
Most consecutive wins
Celtic, 25, 2003–04[75]
Most consecutive games unbeaten
Celtic, 32, 2003–04[75]
Most consecutive defeats
Partick Thistle, 10, 2003–04[75]
Most consecutive games without a win
Hamilton Academical, 22, 2010–11
Most consecutive games without scoring a goal
Dunfermline Athletic, 9, 2006–07[75]
Most points in a season
Celtic, 103 points, 2001–02[75]
Fewest points in a season
Gretna, 13 points, 2007–08[75][note 8]
Most goals scored in a season
Celtic, 105 goals, 2003–04[75]
Fewest goals scored in a season
St. Johnstone, 23 goals, 2010–11[75]
Most goals conceded in a season
Aberdeen, 83 goals, 1999–00[75]
Gretna, 83 goals, 2007–08[75]
Fewest goals conceded in a season
Celtic, 18 goals, 2001–02[75]
Most wins in a season
Celtic, 33, 2001–02[75]
Fewest wins in a season
Dunfermline Athletic, 4, 1998–99[75]
Livingston, 4, 2005–06[75]
Fewest defeats in a season
Celtic, 1, 2001–02[75]
Most defeats in a season
Livingston, 28, 2005–06[75]
Most draws in a season
Dunfermline Athletic, 16, 1998–99[75]
St Mirren, 16, 2011–12[75]
Fewest home defeats in a season
Celtic, 0, 2001–02 and 2002–03[75]
Rangers, 0, 2009–10[75]
Fewest away defeats in a season
Celtic, 0, 2003–04[75]
Fewest home wins in a season
Hamilton Academical, 1, 2010–11[75]
Dunfermline Athletic, 1, 2011–12[75]
Fewest away wins in a season
Dunfermline Athletic, 0, 1998–99[75]
Youngest player
Scott Robinson, for Hearts vs Inverness CT, 16 years, 45 days[78]
Youngest goalscorer
Fraser Fyvie, for Aberdeen vs Heart of Midlothian, 16 years, 306 days[78]
Oldest player
Andy Millen, for St. Mirren vs Hearts, 42 years 279 days, 15 March 2008[78]
Most goals in a season
Henrik Larsson (Celtic), 35 goals, 2000–01[78]
Fastest goal
Kris Commons, 12.2 seconds, Celtic 4 - 3 Aberdeen, 16 March 2013[79]
All-time top scorer
Kris Boyd (Kilmarnock and Rangers), 164 goals[78]
Most hat-tricks
Henrik Larsson (Celtic), 12[78]
Hat-tricks in consecutive games
Henrik Larsson (Celtic), 2000–01[78]
Anthony Stokes (Falkirk), 2006–07[78]
Most goals in a game
Kenny Miller, 5, Rangers v St. Mirren, 4 November 2000[78]
Kris Boyd, 5, Kilmarnock v Dundee United, 25 September 2004[78]
Kris Boyd, 5, Rangers v Dundee United, 30 December 2009[78]
Gary Hooper, 5, Celtic v Heart of Midlothian, 13 May 2012
Most consecutive clean sheets
Robert Douglas, Celtic, 7 games, 2000–01[78]
Most clean sheets in a season
Fraser Forster and Łukasz Załuska, Celtic, 25 games, 2011–12[80]
Most SPL appearances
James Fowler, 401 (correct to the end of the 2012–13 season)
Highest attendance
60,440, Celtic v St. Mirren, 7 April 2001[80]
Lowest attendance
431, Gretna v Inverness CT, 5 April 2008[80]
Highest average attendance
59,369, Celtic, 2000–01[80]
Lowest average attendance
2,283, Gretna, 2007–08[80]
Highest transfer fee paid
Tore André Flo, from Chelsea to Rangers, £12m, 23 November 2000[81]
Highest transfer fee received
Aiden McGeady, from Celtic to Spartak Moscow, £9.5m, 13 August 2010[82]
Highest transfer fee between two SPL clubs
Scott Brown, from Hibernian to Celtic, £4.4m, 1 June 2007[83]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Scottish Premier League only existed between 1998 and 2013. For a complete record of clubs that have won Scottish league championships, see list of Scottish football champions.
  2. ↑ The SPL was expanded from 10 teams in 1999–2000 to 12 teams in 2000–01. There was due to be a play-off involving the team that finished bottom of the SPL (Aberdeen) and the teams finishing second and third in the First Division (Dunfermline Athletic and Falkirk) for two places in the SPL, but this was cancelled because Falkirk did not meet the stadium criteria for SPL membership.
  3. ↑ Motherwell finished bottom of the SPL but avoided relegation because the team that finished top of the First Division (Falkirk) did not meet the stadium criteria for SPL membership.
  4. ↑ Rangers were deducted 10 points for going into administration in the 2011–12 season.
  5. ↑ Gretna were deducted 10 points for going into administration in the 2007–08 season.
  6. ↑ Clubs only include those where players scored goals in the Scottish Premier League.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Player also scored goal(s) in the Scottish Football League.
  8. ↑ Gretna's points total would have been 23 points without a 10-point administration penalty they received. The lowest points total without such a penalty is 18 points, which was recorded by Livingston in 2005–06.

References

  1. ↑ "Scottish Football League clubs vote in favour of a proposed merger with the Scottish Premier League.". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2013-06-12.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "SPL stand by their split decision". Sunday Herald. 8 August 1999. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  3. ↑ "The SPL split makes no sense, insists Levein SPL split is a nonsense, insists Craig". Daily Mail (UK). 7 April 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  4. ↑ "Smith in blast at SPL split decision". Daily Mail (UK). 21 April 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  5. ↑ "Jefferies wants a new-look league". Sporting Life. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  6. ↑ Jonathan Coates (24 May 2003). "Falkirk lose out as SPL closes ranks and denies them place". The Scotsman (UK). Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  7. ↑ "Inverness win SPL vote". BBC Sport. 22 June 2004. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Inverness are homeward bound". BBC Sport. 7 June 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Grahame, Ewing (13 July 2012). "Low in attendance, low in achievement – the SPL’s dismal legacy of failure". sport.scotsman.com (Johnston Press). Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  10. ↑ "Dutch resurrect Atlantic League". BBC Sport. 24 April 2002. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ziegler, Martyn; Esplin, Ronnie (10 April 2013). "Celtic and Rangers will join European super league, says Scotland manager Gordon Strachan". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  12. ↑ "Blatter opposes Old Firm switch". BBC Sport (BBC). 7 March 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  13. ↑ "Old Firm urged to talk". BBC Sport (BBC). 12 May 2002. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  14. ↑ "Levein wants Old Firm kicked out". BBC Sport (BBC). 7 April 2002. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  15. ↑ "Fifa writes off Old Firm hopes". BBC Sport. 30 July 2001. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  16. ↑ "SPL has coped with loss of Rangers, says Neil Doncaster". BBC Sport (BBC). 10 October 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 McLeman, Neil (24 March 2013). "Ger'd your loins! Glasgow Rangers will be playing in England within FIVE YEARS says Ibrox chief". Daily Mirror (London: Trinity Mirror). Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "McLeish berates SPL". BBC Sport. BBC. 25 March 2003. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  19. ↑ "Football: BRING BACK BREAK". Daily Mirror (UK). 12 June 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "SPL praises Euro performances". BBC Sport. 22 March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  21. ↑ 2008 UEFA ranking
  22. ↑ "UEFA Country Ranking 2011". UEFA European Cup Football Results and Qualification. Bert Kassies. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  23. ↑ "Porto end Celtic's Uefa dream". BBC Sport. 21 May 2003. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  24. ↑ "Rangers 1–1 Inter Milan". BBC Sport. 6 December 2005. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  25. ↑ "Celtic 1–0 Man Utd". BBC Sport. 21 November 2006. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  26. ↑ "AC Milan 1–0 Celtic". BBC Sport. 4 December 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  27. ↑ Murray, Ewan (20 December 2007). "Calderwood aims to end 37 years of Scottish hurt in Europe". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  28. ↑ "Zenit St Petersburg 2–0 Rangers". BBC Sport. 14 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Murdoch, Jamie (17 August 2007). "SPL face fresh criticism over under-21 rule". The Daily Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  30. ↑ "FAQs". Scottish Premier League. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  31. ↑ Parks, Gordon (21 January 2011). "Scottish football still drawing biggest crowds per head of population in Europe, says SPL chief". Daily Record (Trinity Mirror). Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  32. ↑ "Clydesdale in SPL sponsor talks". BBC Sport website. 11 October 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  33. ↑ "Clydesdale are new SPL sponsors". BBC Sport. BBC. 19 October 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  34. ↑ "Clydesdale Bank extends sponsorship deal with SPL". BBC Sport. BBC. 19 April 2010.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 Philip, Calum (13 February 2004). "Dark days ahead for debt-ridden Scottish clubs". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  36. ↑ "SPL posts record losses". BBC Sport. BBC. 23 September 2003. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  37. ↑ "Livi in administration". BBC Sport. BBC. 3 February 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  38. ↑ "Pars players face wage cuts". BBC Sport. BBC. 2 February 2003. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  39. ↑ "Rangers to raise £57m". BBC Sport. BBC. 1 September 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  40. ↑ "'Well end administration". BBC Sport. BBC. 20 April 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  41. ↑ "Dundee to enter new era". BBC Sport. BBC. 5 August 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  42. ↑ "Livingston out of administration". BBC Sport. BBC. 13 May 2005. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "SPL continues economic recovery". BBC Sport. BBC. 3 October 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Hearts buck debt reduction trend". BBC Sport. BBC. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  45. ↑ "Profits on the up for SPL clubs". BBC Sport. BBC. 27 August 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Gretna edging closer to closure". BBC Sport. BBC. 13 March 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Gretna are on the long road back". The Scotsman (Johnston Press). 29 August 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  48. ↑ "Clubs expect more financial woes". BBC News. BBC. 17 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  49. ↑ Hannah, Roger (28 February 2009). "Slash and burn". The Scottish Sun (News International). Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  50. ↑ "Penny pinching Rangers". Daily Mail (UK). 7 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
  51. ↑ "Rangers offer redundancy packages". BBC Sport. BBC. 7 March 2009.
  52. ↑ "Crisis Could Put Gers in Celtic's shadow for 10 years". News of The World (News International). 15 March 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 Smith, Andrew (19 August 2010). "Credit crunch takes its toll on SPL as £23m profit becomes £22m loss". The Scotsman (UK). Retrieved 19 August 2010.
  54. ↑ Clark, John. "Notice of administrator's appointment" (PDF). Registrar of Companies. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  55. ↑ Whitehouse, David. "Joint Administrators' Report and Statement of Proposals" (PDF). Duff & Phelps. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  56. ↑ Fraser, Douglas (14 June 2012). "Sky sets the limit". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  57. ↑ "FANS GET A TELLYFUL; SPL set to launch its own TV station as Sky switch off". Daily Record. 16 January 2002. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  58. ↑ "Old Firm scupper SPL TV". BBC Sport. BBC. 8 April 2002. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  59. ↑ "Scottish league faces collapse". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 April 2002. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  60. ↑ "SPL signs BBC deal". BBC Sport. BBC. 31 July 2002. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  61. ↑ "Scottish clubs quit SPL". BBC Sport. BBC. 1 August 2002. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  62. ↑ "SPL ends internal strife". BBC Sport. BBC. 22 January 2003. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  63. ↑ "Setanta wins SPL TV deal". BBC Sport. BBC. 26 February 2004. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  64. ↑ "Record-breaking TV deal for SPL". www.scotprem.com. Scottish Premier League. 30 June 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 "SPL agrees TV deal with Sky/ESPN". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 "Old Firm blast SPL over TV deal". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  67. ↑ "SPL secures new five-year TV deal with Sky and ESPN". BBC Sport. BBC. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  68. ↑ "Sky reveals new SPL TV deal for five years". BBC Sport. BBC. 31 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
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  74. ↑ "Saints savour 20 years at McDiarmid Park". The Scotsman (UK). 25 July 2009.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 75.5 75.6 75.7 75.8 75.9 75.10 75.11 75.12 75.13 75.14 75.15 75.16 75.17 75.18 75.19 75.20 75.21 75.22 75.23 75.24 75.25 75.26 75.27 "Records". Scotprem.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  76. ↑ "Scottish Premier League | Scottish Football Results & News". Scotprem.premiumtv.co.uk. 30 December 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  77. ↑ Scotland – All-Time Topscorers, RSSSF.
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  79. ↑ "Commons sets SPL record for fastest goal". www.scotprem.com. Scottish Premier League. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.4 "Statistics". www.scotprem.com. Scottish Premier League. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  81. ↑ "Flo goes to Rangers". BBC Sport. 23 November 2000. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  82. ↑ "Aiden McGeady completes record move to Spartak Moscow". BBC Sport. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  83. ↑ "Celtic win race for Hibs' Brown". BBC Sport. 15 May 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2008.

External links

Sporting positions
Preceded by
Scottish Football League Premier Division		 First tier of Scottish football
1998-2013 		Succeeded by
Scottish Premiership