Scarborough Day School

Scarborough Day School
A school seal depicting a castle and ship

A two-story white Neoclassical school building

Vanderlip Hall in 2014
"Life Is For Service" and "Manners Maketh Man"
Address
U.S. Route 9
Briarcliff Manor, New York, 10510
United States
Information
School type Private
Established 1913
Founder Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip
Closed 1978
Grades PK-12
Gender Coed
Enrollment 367 (peak in 1929)
150 (later years)
Campus type Suburban
Yearbook Beechwood Tree
Scarborough Day School
Coordinates 41°07′55.0″N 73°51′40.7″W / 41.131944°N 73.861306°WCoordinates: 41°07′55.0″N 73°51′40.7″W / 41.131944°N 73.861306°W
Area 22 acres (8.9 ha)[1]
Architect William W. Bosworth
Governing body The Clear View School
NRHP Reference # 84003433[2]
Added to NRHP September 7, 1984

The Scarborough Day School[nb 1] was a private school in Scarborough-on-Hudson, in Briarcliff Manor, New York. Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip established the school in 1913 at their estate, Beechwood. The school, a nonsectarian nonprofit college preparatory day school, taught students at pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade levels and had small class sizes, with total enrollment rarely exceeding 150 students.[3](pp46-7) Since 1980, the buildings and property have been owned by The Clear View School,[4]:158 which runs a day treatment program for 83 students.[5] The current school still uses the Scarborough School's theater, which was opened in 1917. The school campus is a contributing property to the Scarborough Historic District.

The Scarborough Day School was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York. The school also was a member of the Cum Laude Society and the National Association of Independent Schools.[3](p47) Its seal copies that of Scarborough, North Yorkshire; Scarborough-on-Hudson's namesake.[6]:51

History

A rectangular two-story brick building
Marie Fayant Hall
A white Neoclassical school building
Vanderlip Hall, 1917

The Scarborough School was founded in 1913 by Frank and Narcissa Vanderlip for their six children and the children of friends and neighbors.[4]:73 Having met educator Maria Montessori during their European travels, the Vanderlips pioneered the Montessori method at the Edward Harden Mansion in nearby Sleepy Hollow by creating the first Montessori school in the United States, in 1912.[7] Frank Vanderlip's sister Ruth was married to Harden; the families maintained close ties. After a year existing in two rooms of the Harden residence, the school moved to the River Gate House at the north end of River Road and the Beechwood estate.[8]

The school moved to its final location in 1917, at Vanderlip Hall, a building Vanderlip constructed in 1916 bordering Albany Post Road (current U.S. Route 9). The building was designed for classes of ten, to accommodate 120 children total. It was situated on Beechwood's 80-acre (320,000 m2) parkland designed by Frederick Law Olmsted for the Vanderlips. Throughout the school's history, students were open to wander the woodlands and gardens, utilize the lawns and tennis courts, and swim in the Olympic-sized pool. There were always farm animals nearby for the children to see and play with and a circus carousel to ride on. The school had a gymnasium class, amateur theater group, folk singing, a swimming pool, and an economic forum. Frank Vanderlip had spent about $500,000 on the school ($9,203,900 today[9]). Regular art exhibits were held at the Scarborough School, including a sculpture exhibition in the Italian garden at Beechwood, which included works by Jose de Creeft, Jason Seley (a longtime professor of sculpture at Cornell), and Richard Stankiewicz.[4]:151

Early on in the school's history, the Vanderlips decided to change the school's system from the Montessori method to a more formal approach with more discipline, although students still had more freedom than the average school. In the 1930s, the school was considered progressive: students were not graded and were instructed to work at their own speed. As enrollment grew, another building was built for younger children, which burnt down in 1959. In addition, a lunchroom, shop, and studio were built early in the school's history. Frank Vanderlip enjoyed teaching simplified political economy at the school; he would act out Swiss Family Robinson on an imaginary island with students to demonstrate the development of capitalism. Narcissa Vanderlip ran the school lunchroom, and it is recorded that she served good simple food. She named some of her foods artistically (rice pudding with raisins was called Bête Noire a la Bolshevik).[4]:93

Members of the Vanderlip family, particularly Virginia Vanderlip Schoales, continued to administer the school for sixty years. A 1959 development plan made way for a new primary school in 1961, new science facilities in 1962, expansion of the library in 1963, and the creation of an organization for alumni, of whom there were more than a thousand living in 1977.[3](p47) The school was unable to obtain sufficient funding and closed in 1978. In 1980, the buildings and property were taken over by The Clear View School, which opened in September 1981 after major renovations.[4]:158 The school runs a day treatment program for 83 students from nursery school age to 21,[5] and is sponsored by the Association for Mentally Ill Children of Westchester; its program involves education, treatment, and crisis intervention and parent involvement.[10]

Campus

Seal of Scarborough, North Yorkshire; the school's seal replicates it

The main Scarborough School building, Vanderlip Hall, was designed by William W. Bosworth, known for landscaping Kykuit and restoring Versailles. The school building was constructed in a severe, all-white Neoclassical style, and was completed early in 1917.[8] In addition to a grand porticoed entry, there were two wings that housed classes, a library, cafeteria and gymnasium, basement science labs, and an art room measuring 1,000 square feet (93 m2), ringed on three sides with French windows.[8] In the 1960s, an additional Modernist structure was built across a stream that would ultimately house the school's lower grades.

Rosemont, an estate and the birthplace of John Worden, was later used by Vanderlip as a dormitory for Scarborough School boarding students. Rosemont stood opposite the Beechwood estate, at the corner of Route 9 and Scarborough Road. Another campus building was Marie Fayant Hall, which was originally Barnesby House, home to Dr. Percy Norman Barnesby. Vanderlip built the house for him and his wife; the house was later given to the Scarborough School and served as a girls' dormitory in the 1940s and as a headmaster's residence about thirty years later.[4]:94

Theater

A theater with a yellow curtain
The Julie Harris Theater

Beechwood Theater, a replica of the Little Theater on Broadway, was included in Wells Bosworth's design of the primary school building because Vanderlip particularly wanted his own theater. Beechwood Theater, with 256 gold velvet seats, was designed by Winthrop Ames around 1917.[5] Details were closely examined upon construction; the lighting equipment, the scene lofts and fly gallery, and the dressing rooms were well-designed and state-of-the-art. The stage floor was designed especially for dancing, and the acoustics and theater proportions made varieties of productions possible.[4]:96

The theater was used for assemblies, plays, concerts, and lectures. It was also home to the Beechwood Players, an adult performing arts group which had its origins in 1919.[3](p47) The Players put on several plays a year, summer and winter, six plays a year and three-night runs. They had started with three one-act plays but had graduated to full-length dramas. From its first years, Broadway actors used the theater when not otherwise engaged. Among them were Sylvia Sidney, Laurette Taylor, Lynn Fontanne, James Dean, Judson Laire, and Parker Fennelly. Lecturers and performers in the Beechwood Theater included Sarah Bernhardt, Robert Frost, John Masefield, Vachel Lindsay, Eleanor Roosevelt, H. G. Wells, Stephen Vincent Benét, and a King of Siam.[4]:96 Other notable appearances at the theater included Charles Coburn and Isadora Duncan. Audiences have included Franklin D. Roosevelt, John D. Rockefeller Jr., Henry Ford and the last King of Poland.[11]

The theater was opened and dedicated on January 2, 1917. The first concert took place on July 30, 1916, and was by Ignacy Jan Paderewski. During his performance, the Black Tom explosion took place at a munitions works in New Jersey, more than 30 miles (48 km) from Scarborough. Frank Vanderlip Jr., ten years old at the time, later recalled that he saw the detonation shake the jammed theater building, and that Paderewski had played on as if nothing had happened. The automatic fire doors at the top of the theater had sprung open, and two men were sent aloft to sit on them until the end of the performance to prevent a cold draft from entering the room.[4]:96

Following the Scarborough School's closing, the Beechwood Theater had stood empty for many years, and was restored in 1983 by the Greater Ossining Area Community Theater. On March 17, 1984, The Clear View School presented a solo performance of Currier Bell, Esquire (a dramatization of Charlotte Brontë's life) performed by Julie Harris.[4]:160 The performance was a $100-a-ticket benefit for the school.[5] Also on that day, the theater was rededicated as the Julie Harris Theater. Briarcliff High School used the theater until its own was constructed in 1998.[11]

Alumni

Three children sitting; a woman behind them
"Sistie" (left) and "Buzzie" (right), grandchildren of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Notable alumni of the Scarborough School include Secretary of the Army Stephen Ailes,[12] Benjamin Cheever, a writer;[13] and Daniel and Margaret Da Silva, children of Ossining resident Howard Da Silva (actor in the musical 1776 and the film of the same name).[14] Richard Pousette-Dart, an Abstract Expressionist artist, graduated from the school in 1935.[15] Anna Roosevelt Halsted lived with Curtis Bean Dall on nearby Sleepy Hollow Road; their children Eleanor "Sistie" and Curtis "Buzzie" (grandchildren of President and Mrs. Roosevelt) attended the Scarborough School.[4]:109 Other notable alumni include Mark Helprin, a writer who graduated in 1965;[16] the three children of Ely Jacques Kahn, Jr.;[4]:218 John Kelvin Koelsch, a U.S. Navy officer during the Korean War and the first helicopter pilot to receive the Medal of Honor, who also lived in Scarborough;[17] Musical theater composer Henry Krieger and his sister lived in Ossining and attended the school together.[18] Tina Louise, an actress and singer; Ralph J. Menconi, a medallic sculptor; Ilyasah Shabazz, an author and a daughter of Malcolm X; and Richard Yates, a writer who attended from 1937 to 1939 while his mother taught sculpture there.[19]

Headmasters

Headmasters included:[6]:51

  • Elizabeth M. Dean (1913–1917)
  • Dr. Ernest Horn (1917–1918)
  • Wilford M. Aikin (1918–1922)
  • Morton Snyder (1922–1926)
  • Arthur H. Sutherland (1926–1927)
  • Frank M. McMurry (1927–1928)
  • Dr. F. Dean McClusky (1928–1945)[20]
  • Cornelius B. Boocock (1945–1948)
  • Philip L. Garland (1948–1951)
  • Thomas C. Schuller (1951–1961)[21][22]
  • H. L. Richardson (1964–1965)[23]
  • A. W. Rousseau (ca. 1972)
  • Donald F. Cantrell (1973–1974)
  • Douglas G. Carner (1976–1978)
  • Richard Pierce (1978)[24]

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The school was also known as the Scarborough School or the Scarborough Country Day School.

References

  1. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination form - Scarborough Historic District". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  2. ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Midge Bosak, ed. (1977). A Village Between Two Rivers: Briarcliff Manor. Monarch Publishing, Inc.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 Cheever, Mary (1990). The Changing Landscape: A History of Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough. West Kennebunk, Maine: Phoenix Publishing. ISBN 0-914659-49-9. LCCN 90045613. OCLC 22274920. OL 1884671M.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Klein, Alvin (June 17, 1984). "A Small Playhouse Is Returned To Use". The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Our Village: Briarcliff Manor, N.Y. 1902 to 1952. Historical Committee of the Semi–Centennial. 1952.
  7. ↑ Booth, Charles Edwin (1914). The Vanderlip, Van Derlip, Vander Lippe Family in America. New York.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Williams, Gray (2003). Picturing Our Past: National Register Sites in Westchester County. Westchester County Historical Society. ISBN 0-915585-14-6.
  9. ↑ Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2014. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Westchester Guide: French Program". The New York Times. November 5, 1989. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Herhenson, Roberta (March 15, 1998). "Honoring a Theater With 'My Fair Lady'". The New York Times. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  12. ↑ "Stephen Ailes (‘36 JD)". West Virginia University Alumni Association. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  13. ↑ Cheever, Benjamin (2007). Strides: Running Through History with an Unlikely Athlete. Rodale. p. 34. ISBN 1-59486-228-1.
  14. ↑ "Howard Da Silva Dies at 76; Actor, Director and Author". The New York Times. February 18, 1986. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  15. ↑ Monte, James K. (1974). Richard Pousette-Dart. New York, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 63. LCCN 74-22531. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  16. ↑ Helprin, Mark (1977). Refiner's Fire. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-603107-3.
  17. ↑ "2013 Summer Newsletter". Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society. 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  18. ↑ Buckley, Michael (December 17, 2006). "Stage to Screens: "Dreamgirls" Composer Krieger and Co-Star Rose; Plus David Warren". Playbill, Inc. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  19. ↑ Bailey, Blake (2004) [2003]. A Tragic Honesty: The Life and Work of Richard Yates (reprint ed.). Macmillan. p. 31. ISBN 0-312-42375-6.
  20. ↑ "Dr. F.D. McClusky Resigns". The New York Times. February 25, 1945. p. 38. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Selected as Headmaster For Scarborough School". The New York Times. April 24, 1951. p. 21. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Beirut School Gets Own President". The New York Times. May 4, 1961. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Branson's History". The Branson School. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  24. ↑ Gilbert, Linda (August 16, 1978). "Scarborough School Closes". Ossining Citizen Register.

External links

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