Sawad
This article is about southern Iraq in early Islamic times. For the village in Yemen, see Sawad, Yemen.
Sawad was the name used in early Islamic times (7th–12th centuries) for the southern Iraq. It means "black land" and refers to the stark contrast between the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia and the Arabian desert. Under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, it was an official political term for a province encompassing most of modern Iraq (except for the western desert and al-Jazira in the north).
As a generic term, it was used to denote the irrigated and cultivated areas in any district.
Sources
- Schaeder, H.H. (1997). "Sawād". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden and New York: BRILL. p. 87. ISBN 90-04-09419-9.