Sarah Tisdall
Sarah Caroline Tisdall (born 1960 in Plymouth) is a former Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) clerical officer who was jailed for leaking British government documents to a newspaper in 1983.[1]
Cruise missiles
Sarah Tisdall anonymously sent The Guardian photocopied documents detailing when American cruise missile nuclear weapons would be arriving in Britain. The documents set out the political tactics Michael Heseltine, then defence minister, would use to present the matter in the House of Commons.
No security threat
There did not appear to be any threat to national security in the revelation but the Government nonetheless brought a legal action against The Guardian, seeking an order requiring the newspaper to reveal its source. Although The Guardian successfully argued that it was protected by section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 from providing the information, the judgement by Justice Scott was almost immediately overturned.[2] The appeal by the Attorney General was on the grounds that – although the documents themselves were harmless – a civil servant capable of leaking them, might leak other documents which could pose a threat to national security.
Tell-tale copies
The Guardian complied with a court order to hand over the documents, which were identified as coming from an FCO photocopying machine. The machine led to Tisdall. In March 1984, Tisdall pleaded guilty to a charge under section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911. She was sentenced to six months in jail, but was released after four months.[3]
House of Lords
The legality of the Order (compelling The Guardian to surrender the documents, and thus reveal their source) was upheld in a decision of the House of Lords (Secretary of State for Defence v. Guardian Newspapers Ltd. [1985] AC 339) by a majority of three against two.
See also
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
- Clive Ponting was another civil servant who leaked defence information but was acquitted by the jury that accepted his public interest defence.
- Thomas Andrews Drake, Thomas Tamm
- Patrick Haseldine was dismissed by the then foreign secretary, John Major, in August 1989 following his public criticism of prime minister Margaret Thatcher for being "soft on terrorism".
References
- ↑ Parliamentary Question by Tam Dalyell MP
- ↑ Peter Preston "A source of great regret", The Guardian, 5 September 2005
- ↑ West, A to Z of British Intelligence, 09: 543