Sambas riots
The Sambas riots were an outbreak of inter-ethnic violence in Indonesia, in 1999. The conflict started in the district of Sambas, West Kalimantan Province. The conflict involved Malay allying with the indigenous Dayak people in order to massacre the migrant Madurese from the island of Madura.[1]
Background
The Sambas riots in 1999 were not an isolated incident, as there had been previous incidents of violence between the Dayaks and the Madurese. The last major conflict occurred between December 1996 and January 1997, and resulted in more than 600 deaths.[2] The Madurese first arrived in Borneo in 1930 under the transmigration program initiated by the Dutch colonial administration, and continued by the Indonesian government.[3]
Massacres
Malays and Dayaks joined together to massacre Madurese in Sambas district.[4] Madurese were mutilated, raped, and killed by the Malays and Dayaks and 3,000 of them died in the massacres, with the Indonesian government doing little to stop the violence. Malays and Dayaks attacked Indonesian troops sent to stop the riots.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Further massacres
In 2001, Dayaks launched another massacre of several hundred Madurese in the Sampit conflict.
See also
- Transmigration program
- Sampit conflict
- 2010 Tarakan riot, a much smaller scale riot between Dayak Tidung and Bugis people in Tarakan
- Fall of Suharto
References
- ↑ Rinakit, Sukardi (2005). The Indonesian Military After the New Order. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. ISBN 87-91114-06-3.
- ↑ "Indonesia: The Violence in Central Kalimantan (Borneo)". Human Rights Watch. February 28, 2001. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ↑ Tri Nuke Pudjiastuti (June 2002). "Immigration and Conflict in Indonesia". IUSSP Regional Population Conference, Bangkok. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ↑ Professor Timo Kivimaki (December 28, 2012). Can Peace Research Make Peace?: Lessons in Academic Diplomacy. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4094-7188-2. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Violence in Indonesian Borneo Spurs the Relocation of Ethnic Madurese". Cultural Survival. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
- ↑ indahnesia.com. "The Sampit conflict - People - The Madurese and the Dayak - Discover Indonesia Online". indahnesia.com. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
- ↑ Braithwaite, John; Braithwaite, Valerie; Cookson, Michael; Dunn, Leah (2010). Anomie and Violence: Non-truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding. ANU E Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-921666-23-0. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
- ↑ Hedman, Eva-Lotta E. (2008). Conflict, Violence, and Displacement in Indonesia. SEAP Publications. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-87727-745-3. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
- ↑ Bowen, John Richard (May 29, 2003). Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-53189-4. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
- ↑ Dawis, Aimee (2009). The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media. Cambria Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-60497-606-9. Retrieved March 20, 2014.