Salvelinus
| Salvelinus Temporal range: Late Miocene - present[1] | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus alpinus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Superclass: | Osteichthyes |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Subclass: | Neopterygii |
| Infraclass: | Teleostei |
| Superorder: | Protacanthopterygii |
| Order: | Salmoniformes |
| Family: | Salmonidae |
| Subfamily: | Salmoninae |
| Genus: | Salvelinus J. Richardson, 1836 |
| Type species | |
| Salvelinus umbla (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Salvelinus is a genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout". Salvelinus is a member of the Salmoninae subfamily of the Salmonidae family. Most char may be identified by light-cream, pink, or red spots over a darker body. Scales tend to be small, with 115-200 along the lateral line. The pectoral, pelvic, anal, and the lower aspect of caudal fins are trimmed in snow white or cream leading edges.
Many members of this genus are popular sport fish, and a few, such as the lake trout (S. namaycush), are the object of commercial fisheries and aquaculture. Occasionally, such fish escape and become invasive species.
Deepwater char are small species of char living below 80 m in the deep areas of certain lakes. They are highly sensitive to changes in the quality of the water and some species, such as Salvelinus neocomensis and Salvelinus profundus, were driven recently to extinction.[2]
Species
As with other salmonid genera, the delimitation of species in Salvelinus is controversial. FishBase (in 2012) indicates 51 recognized species in this genus:[3]
- †Salvelinus agassizi (Garman, 1885) (silver trout)
- Salvelinus albus Glubokovksy, 1977 (white char)
- Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Arctic char, "Dolly Varden" (historical use))
- S. a. alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Arctic char)
- S. a. erythrinus (Georgi, 1775) (davatchan)
- S. a. taranetzi (Kaganowsky, 1955) (dwarf Arctic char)
- Salvelinus anaktuvukensis Morrow, 1973 (angayukaksurak char)
- Salvelinus andriashevi L. S. Berg, 1948 (Chukot char)
- Salvelinus boganidae L. S. Berg, 1926 (Boganida char)
- Salvelinus colii (Günther, 1863)
- Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley, 1859) (bull trout, "Dolly Varden" (historical use))
- Salvelinus curilus (Pallas, 1814)
- Salvelinus czerskii Dryagin, 1932 (Cherskii's char)
- Salvelinus drjagini Logashev, 1940 (Dryanin's char)
- Salvelinus elgyticus Viktorovsky & Glubokovksy, 1981 (small-mouth char)
- Salvelinus evasus Freyhof & Kottelat, 2005
- Salvelinus faroensis Joensen & Tåning, 1970
- Salvelinus fimbriatus Regan, 1908
- Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) (brook trout, coaster trout, speckled trout)
- Salvelinus gracillimus Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus grayi (Günther, 1862)
- Salvelinus gritzenkoi Vasil'eva & Stygar, 2000
- Salvelinus inframundus Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus jacuticus Borisov, 1935 (Yakutian char)
- Salvelinus japonicus Ōshima, 1961 (kirikuchi char) (sometimes included in S. leucomaenis)
- Salvelinus killinensis (Günther, 1866)
- Salvelinus krogiusae Glubokovksy, Frolov, Efremov, Ribnikova & Katugin, 1993
- Salvelinus kronocius Viktorovsky, 1978
- Salvelinus kuznetzovi Taranetz, 1933
- Salvelinus lepechini (J. F. Gmelin, 1789)
- Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814) (white-spotted char, iwana)
- S. l. imbrius D. S. Jordan & E. A. McGregor, 1925
- S. l. leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814)
- S. l. pluvius (Hilgendorf, 1876)
- Salvelinus levanidovi Chereshnev, Skopets & Gudkov, 1989
- Salvelinus lonsdalii Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus mallochi Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)
- S. m. krascheninnikova Taranetz, 1933 (southern Dolly Varden)
- S. m. malma (Walbaum, 1792) (Dolly Varden trout)
- S. m. miyabei Ōshima, 1938 (Miyabe char)
- Salvelinus maxillaris Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus murta (Sæmundsson, 1909)
- Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792) (lake trout, lake char, touladi, togue, grey trout, siscowet, paperbelly, mackinaw, lean)
- Salvelinus neiva Taranetz, 1933 (Neiva)
- †Salvelinus neocomensis Freyhof & Kottelat, 2005
- Salvelinus obtusus Regan, 1908
- Salvelinus perisii (Günther, 1865)
- †Salvelinus profundus (Schillinger, 1901)
- Salvelinus salvelinoinsularis (Lönnberg, 1900) (Bear Island char)
- Salvelinus schmidti Viktorovsky, 1978
- Salvelinus struanensis (Maitland, 1881)
- Salvelinus taimyricus Mikhin, 1949
- Salvelinus taranetzi Kaganowsky, 1955 (dwarf Arctic char, Taranets char)
- Salvelinus thingvallensis (Sæmundsson, 1909)
- Salvelinus tolmachoffi L. S. Berg, 1926 (Lake Yessey char)
- Salvelinus umbla (Linnaeus, 1758) (lake char)
- Salvelinus vasiljevae Safronov & Zvezdov, 2005 (Sakhalinian char)
- Salvelinus willoughbii (Günther, 1862)
- Salvelinus youngeri (Friend, 1965) (golden char)
Hybrids
- S. alpinus × S. fontinalis – Alsatian char
- S. namaycush × S. fontinalis – splake, brookinaw
- S. fontinalis × Salmo trutta – tiger trout
- S. leucomaensis x O. masou – river mackerel, Kawasaba
References
- ↑ Sepkoski (2002)
- ↑ Red List - Volume 1: Vertebrates (2009) - General assessment for the vertebrate groups
- ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Species of Salvelinus in FishBase. February 2012 version.
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002): Osteichthyes. In: A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletin of American Paleontology 364: 560. HTML fulltext
External links
Media related to Salvelinus at Wikimedia Commons- USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Fish Database
- IUCN Salvelinus umbla