Saltaire
| Saltaire | |
|---|---|
| Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List | |
 | |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Reference | 1028 |
| UNESCO region | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2001 (25th Session) |
  Map showing location of Saltaire in West Yorkshire | |
Saltaire is a Victorian model village within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. UNESCO has designated the village as a World Heritage Site, and it is an Anchor Point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
History
Saltaire was built in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt, a leading industrialist in the Yorkshire woollen industry. The name of the village is a combination of the founder's surname and the name of the river. Salt moved his business (five separate mills) from Bradford to this site near Shipley to arrange his workers and to site his large textile mill by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the railway. Salt employed the local architects Henry Lockwood and Richard Mawson.[1]
Similar, but considerably smaller, projects had also been started around the same time by Edward Akroyd at Copley and by Henry Ripley at Ripley Ville. The cotton mill village of New Lanark, which is also a World Heritage site, was founded by David Dale in 1786.
Salt built neat stone houses for his workers (much better than the slums of Bradford), wash-houses with tap water, bath-houses, a hospital and an institute for recreation and education, with a library, a reading room, a concert hall, billiard room, science laboratory and a gymnasium. The village had a school for the children of the workers, almshouses, allotments, a park and a boathouse.[2] Because of this combination of houses, employment and social services the original town is often seen as an important development in the history of 19th century urban planning.[3][4]
Sir Titus died in 1876 and was interred in the mausoleum adjacent to the Congregational church. When Sir Titus Salt's son, likewise Sir Titus Salt, died, Saltaire was taken over by a partnership which included Sir James Roberts from Haworth.
Sir James Roberts had worked in wool mills since the age of eleven. He had significant business interests in Russia, and spoke Russian fluently. Roberts came to own Saltaire, but chose to invest his money heavily in Russia, losing some of his fortune in the Russian Revolution. He endowed a chair of Russian at Leeds University and bought the Brontë's Haworth Parsonage for the nation. He is mentioned in T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Roberts is buried at Fairlight, East Sussex.[5] His legacy can still be seen in Saltaire in the park to the north of the river, which he named Roberts Park after his son when he gave it to Bradford Council in 1920.[6]
Saltaire today
In December 2001, Saltaire was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.[7] This means that the government has a duty to protect the site. The buildings belonging to the model village are individually listed, with the highest level of protection given to the Congregational church (since 1972 Saltaire United Reformed Church) which is listed grade I. The village has survived remarkably complete, but further protection is needed as the village is blighted by traffic through the Aire Valley, an important east-west route. A bypass is proposed to relieve traffic pressure. Roberts Park, on the north side of the river, suffered from neglect and vandalism but has been restored by Bradford Council [8]
Saltaire is a conservation area. Victoria Hall (originally the Saltaire Institute) is used for meetings and concerts, and houses a Wurlitzer theatre pipe organ. The village is served by Saltaire railway station.
The Saltaire Festival, which first took place in 2003 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Saltaire, is held every year over eleven days in September. Saltaire Arts Trail is a visual arts festival that takes place each May, where residents open the doors of their homes to become temporary art galleries.
Politically, Saltaire is part of the Shipley electoral ward of the City of Bradford, and part of the parliamentary constituency of Shipley, currently represented by Philip Davies of the Conservatives. From 1999 to 2005, parliamentarians from three chambers, Chris Leslie MP in the House of Commons, Lord Wallace of Saltaire in the House of Lords and Richard Corbett MEP in the European Parliament, all lived in Saltaire.
In July 2014 it was announced that planning officers had compiled a list of front doors that were deemed to be "not in keeping with the buildings' historic status."[9]
Proposed bypass
Saltaire is surrounded by a buffer zone established to protect the context of the World Heritage Site. Concerns have been raised over plans announced by Bradford Council and Action Airedale to site a bypass through the buffer zone to either side of the World Heritage Site and to tunnel beneath the village.[10] Within sight of the mill, the tunnel would follow the line of the railway and exit behind the United Reformed Church.[11] As it would pass alongside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, it could impact on this Conservation Area. The route would impact on an ancient semi-natural woodland and the Woodland Garden of Remembrance at Nab Wood Cemetery.[12]
Salt's Mill today
Salt's Mill closed in February 1986, and Jonathan Silver bought it the following year and began renovating it.[1] Today it houses a mixture of business, commerce, leisure and residential use. In the main mill building are:
- The 1853 gallery: several large rooms given over to the works of the Bradford-born artist David Hockney: including paintings, drawings, photomontages and stage sets.
- Industrial companies including the electronics manufacturer Pace plc.
- Various shops. In 2006 there are shops selling books, art supplies, jewellery, outdoor wear, antiques, suits, bicycles and housewares; the last includes pieces by internationally known designers such as Alvar Aalto and Philippe Starck.
- Restaurants and cafes.
The "New Mill", on the other side of the canal, is divided between offices for the local National Health Service Trusts and residential flats.
Photographs
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saltaire. |
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Victoria Hall, Saltaire Village
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Salts Mill
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Salts Mill and River Aire
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Salts Mill
Media
Some footage of Saltaire and the nearby Shipley Glen Tramway can be seen in the Yorkshire Film Archive: Shipley Glen (1914)
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Greenhalf 1997
- ↑ Holroyd 1873
- ↑ Bell, C. and R. (1972) City Fathers: The early history of town planning in Britain, Penguin, Harmondsworth
- ↑ Cherry, G. (1979) 'The Town Planning Movement and the Late Victorian City', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 306–319
- ↑ Holloway 2009
- ↑ "Roberts Park, Saltaire, Yorkshire". The Victorian Web. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Saltaire – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". UNESCO. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ↑ "Roberts Park on schedule for 2010 opening". Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ↑ "Enforcement warning by Council as it cracks down on 'rogue' front doors fitted to homes in historic Saltaire". Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ↑ Facts on the proposed bypass
- ↑ Google Maps with proposed tunnel and protected areas.
- ↑ Saltaire World Heritage Site in Danger, Sweeble, 20 June 2007.
References
- Greenhalf, Jim (1997). Salt & Silver: A Story of Hope. Bradford Libraries. ISBN 0-907734-52-9.
- Holloway, Julia Bolton. "Sir James Roberts". Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- Holroyd, Abraham (2000) [1873]. Saltaire and its Founder. Piroisms Press. ISBN 0-9538601-0-8.
Further reading
- Binns, Sheila (2013). The Aesthetics of Utopia: Saltaire, Akroydon and Bedford Park, Spire Books, ISBN 978 1 904965 45 9
- Saltaire at DMOZ.
- Saltaire Village website
- Saltaire Arts Trail.
- Saltaire United Reformed Church Website
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