Salonina Matidia

Roman imperial dynasties
Nervo-Trajanic Dynasty

Salonina Matidia
Nerva
Children
   Natural - (none)
   Adoptive - Trajan
Trajan
Children
   Natural - (none)
   Adoptive - Hadrian
Hadrian
Children
   Natural - (none)
   Adoptive - Lucius Aelius
   Adoptive - Antoninus Pius

Salonina Matidia (4 July 68 – 23 December 119) was the daughter and only child of Ulpia Marciana and wealthy praetor Gaius Salonius Matidius Patruinus. Her maternal uncle was the Roman Emperor Trajan. Trajan had no children and treated her like his daughter. Her father died in 78 and Matidia went with her mother to live with Trajan and his wife, Pompeia Plotina.

Between 81 and 82, Matidia married a suffect consul and former proconsul Lucius Vibius Sabinus. Sabinus died in 83 or 84. Matidia bore Sabinus a daughter called Vibia Sabina, who would marry the future Roman Emperor Hadrian. Matidia was very fond of her second cousin Hadrian and allowed him to marry Vibia Sabina.

In 84, Matidia married for a second time to an otherwise unattested Roman aristocrat called Lucius Mindius. Matidia bore Mindius a daughter called Mindia Matidia, commonly known as Matidia Minor. Mindius died in 85.

Matidia later married suffect consul of 88, Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus. Matidia bore Frugi a daughter called Rupilia Faustina.[1] Faustina would go on to marry the Roman Senator Marcus Annius Verus, to whom she bore one daughter and two sons. Through her children, Faustina would become the grandmother of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius and his wife Faustina the Younger, as well as Marcus's sister Annia Cornificia Faustina.

Denarius showing Matidia Augusta as the goddess Pietas, holding hands with her daughters Sabina and Matidia Minor

Matidia often traveled with her uncle and assisted him with decision-making. Like her mother, Matidia was honored with monuments and inscriptions in her name throughout the Roman Empire. On August 29, 112, she received the title of Augusta.

When Trajan died in 117, Matidia and Plotina brought the emperor's ashes back to Rome.[2] In 119 Matidia died, whereupon the Roman Emperor Hadrian delivered her funeral oration, deified her and granted her a temple and altar in Rome itself.[3]

Nerva–Antonine family tree

Q. Marcius Barea SoranusQ. Marcius Barea SuraAntonia FurnillaM. Cocceius NervaSergia PlautillaP. Aelius Hadrianus
Titus
(r. 79-81)
Marcia FurnillaMarciaTrajanus PaterNerva
(r. 96–98)
UlpiaAelius Hadrianus Marullinus
Julia FlaviaMarcianaC. Salonius MatidiusTrajan
(r. 98–117)
PlotinaP. Acilius AttianusP. Aelius AferPaulina MajorL. Julius Ursus Servianus
Lucius Mindius
(2)
Libo Rupilius Frugi
(3)
MatidiaL. Vibius Sabinus
(1)
AntinousHadrian (r. 117–138)Paulina
Minor
Matidia MinorSuetoniusSabina
M.
Annius Verus
C. Fuscus Salinator IJulia Serviana Paulina
Rupilia FaustinaBoionia ProcillaCn. Arrius Antoninus
L. Caesennius PaetusL. Ceionius CommodusAppia SeveraC. Fuscus Salinator II
Arria AntoniaArria FadillaT. Aurelius Fulvus
L. Caesennius AntoninusLucius
Commodus
Fundania PlautiaIgnota PlautiaC. Avidius
Nigrinus
Antoninus Pius
(r. 138–161)
M. Annius VerusDomitia LucillaFundaniaM. Annius LiboFAUSTINALucius Aelius
Caesar
Avidia Plautia
CornificiaMARCUS AURELIUS
(r. 161–180)
FAUSTINA MinorC. Avidius CassiusAurelia FadillaLUCIUS VERUS
(r. 161–169)
(1)
Ceionia FabiaPlautius QuintillusQ. Servilius PudensCeionia Plautia
Cornificia MinorM. Petronius SuraCOMMODUS
(r. 177–192)
FadillaM. Annius Verus CaesarTi. Claudius Pompeianus (2)LucillaM. Plautius QuintillusJunius Licinius BalbusServilia Ceionia
Petronius AntoninusL. Aurelius Agaclytus
(2)
Aurelia SabinaL. Antistius Burrus
(1)
Plautius QuintillusPlautia ServillaC. Furius Sabinus TimesitheusAntonia GordianaJunius Licinius Balbus
Furia Sabina TranquillinaGORDIAN III
(r. 238-244)

References

  1. Matidia the Elder, from Livius.org.
  2. William Smith. "Matidia". A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray.
  3. Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby). A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. "Ara Matidiae" & "Templum Matidiae". Retrieved from LacusCurtius on 20 December 2008.
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