Salamandridae
| Salamandridae True salamanders and newts | |
|---|---|
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| Notophthalmus viridescens from North America | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Caudata |
| Suborder: | Salamandroidea |
| Family: | Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820 |
| Genera | |
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Calotriton | |
The Salamandridae are a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Currently, 74 species (with more expected) have been identified in the Northern Hemisphere - Europe, Asia, the northern tip of Africa, and North America. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of their bodies and by their rough skin.
With a few exceptions, salamandrids have patterns of bright and contrasting colours. They have four well-developed limbs, with four toes on the fore limbs, and (in most cases) five toes on the hind limbs. They vary from 7 to 30 cm (3 to 12 in) in length.[1]
The alpine salamander and Lanza's fire salamander give birth to live young, without a tadpole stage, but the other species lay their eggs in water. Some newts are neotenic, being able to reproduce before they are fully metamorphosed.[1]
Phylogeny
Cladograms based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011)[2] and modified using Mikko Haaramo [3]
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Taxonomy
The genera Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella, and Salamandra are grouped in the subfamily Salamandrinae, the rest are in Pleurodelinae.[4] Those with a more thoroughly aquatic lifestyle are referred to as "newts", but this is not a formal taxonomic description.
Family SALAMANDRIDAE
- Subfamily Pleurodelinae
- Genus Calotriton (Spanish brook newts) - two species
- Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)
- Pyrenean brook salamander (Calotriton asper)
- Genus Cynops (fire belly newts) - seven species
- Chenggong fire belly newt (Cynops chenggongensis )
- Chuxiong fire-bellied newt (Cynops cyanurus)
- Japanese sword-tail newt (Cynops ensicauda)
- Chinese fire belly newt (Cynops orientalis)
- Dayang fire belly newt (Cynops orphicus)
- Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster)
- Yunnan lake newt (Cynops wolterstorffi)
- Genus Echinotriton (crocodile newts) - two species
- Anderson's crocodile newt (Echinotriton andersoni)
- Chinhai spiny newt (Echinotriton chinhaiensis)
- Genus Euproctus (Brook Salamanders) - two species
- Corsican brook salamander (Euproctus montanus)
- Sardinian brook salamander (Euproctus platycephalus)
- Genus Lissotriton (small-bodied newts) - five species
- Bosca's newt (Lissotriton boscai)
- Palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus)
- Italian newt (Lissotriton italicus)
- Carpathian newt (Lissotriton montandoni)
- Smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris)
- Genus Mesotriton (alpine newt) - one species
- Alpine newt (Mesotriton alpestris)
- Genus Neurergus (spotted newts) - four species
- Yellow-spotted newt (Neurergus crocatus)
- Kaiser's spotted newt (Neurergus kaiseri)
- Kurdistan spotted newt (Neurergus microspilotus)
- Strauch's spotted newt (Neurergus strauchii)
- Genus Notophthalmus (eastern newts) - three species
- Black-spotted newt (Notophthalmus meridionalis)
- Striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus)
- Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)
- Genus Ommatotriton (banded newts) - two species
- Northern banded newt (Ommatotriton ophryticus)
- Southern banded newt (Ommatotriton vittatus)
- Genus Pachytriton (paddle-tail newts) - two species (with four more to be evaluated)
- Spotted paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton brevipes)
- Paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton labiatus)
- probably four more species not yet described completely, known as Pachytriton A, B, C and D
- Genus Paramesotriton (warty newts) -seven species
- Spot-tailed warty newt (Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)
- Chinese warty newt (Paramesotriton chinensis)
- Tam Dao salamander or Tam Dao warty newt (Paramesotriton deloustali)
- Wanggao warty newt (Paramesotriton fuzhongensis)
- Guangxi warty newt (Paramesotriton guanxiensis)
- Hong Kong warty newt (Paramesotriton hongkongensis)
- Laos warty newt (Paramesotriton laoensis)
- Genus Pleurodeles (ribbed newts) - three species
- Algerian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles nebulosus)
- Edough ribbed newt (Pleurodeles poireti)
- Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl)
- Genus Salamandrina (spectacled salamanders) - two species
- Southern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina terdigitata)
- Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata)
- Genus Taricha (western newts / Pacific newts) - three species
- Rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa)
- Red-bellied newt (Taricha rivularis)
- California newt (Taricha torosa)
- Genus Triturus (crested newts) - seven species
- Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
- Northern crested newt (Triturus cristatus)
- Danube crested newt (Triturus dobrogicus)
- Southern crested newt (Triturus karelinii)
- Marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus)
- Southern marbled newt or pygmy marbled newt (Triturus pygmaeus)
- Genus Tylototriton (crocodile newts) - eight species
- Black knobby newt (Tylototriton asperrimus)
- Hainan knobby newt (Tylototriton hainanensis)
- Red-tailed knobby newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis)
- Mandarin newt (Tylototriton shanjing)
- Taliang knobby newt (Tylototriton taliangensis)
- Himalayan crocodile newt (Tylototriton verrucosus)
- Vietnamese crocodile newt (Tylototriton vietnamensis)
- Wenxian knobby newt (Tylototriton wenxianensis)
- Genus Calotriton (Spanish brook newts) - two species
- Subfamily Salamandrinae
- Genus Chioglossa - one species
- Gold-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica)
- Genus Lyciasalamandra - seven species
- Anatolia Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra antalyana)
- Atif's Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra atifi)
- Bay Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra billae)
- Fazil Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra fazilae)
- Marmaris Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra flavimembris)
- Karpathos Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra helverseni)
- Luschan's salamander (Lyciasalamandra luschani)
- Genus Mertensiella - one species
- Caucasian salamander (Mertensiella caucasica)
- Genus Salamandra (fire salamanders) - six species
- North African fire salamander (Salamandra algira)
- Alpine salamander (Salamandra atra)
- Corsican fire salamander (Salamandra corsica)
- Near Eastern fire salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata)
- Lanza's alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai)
- Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)
- Genus Chioglossa - one species
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lanza, B., Vanni, S., & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ↑ Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 (2): 543–853. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012. PMID 21723399.
- ↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2011). "Caudata – salamanders". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.
- ↑ http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=27224
External links
Data related to Salamandridae at Wikispecies
Media related to Salamandridae at Wikimedia Commons
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