Sakhalin Railway

The island of Sakhalin in the Russian Far East has a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge railway network, which was administered by the Sakhalin Railway (Сахалинская железная дорога), a subsidiary of the Russian Railways from 1992 until 2010, when it was made part of the Far Eastern Railway. Coordinates: 46°37′10″N 142°46′03″E / 46.61950°N 142.76757°E / 46.61950; 142.76757

History

Sakhalin rail network

Legend 653,7 Nogliki Nysh 588,3 Alba Ado-Tymovo 553,8 Slava Uskovo 531,6 Tymovsk (Tymovskoye) Tym Longari Taulan Severnaya Khandassa 452,4 Onor 426,3 Yuzhnaya Khandassa 412,9 Pobedino-Sakhalinskoye (Pobedino) 402,3 Smirnykh-Sakhalinskoye (Smirnykh) Yelniki-Sakhalinskiye Koshevoy 379,9 Buyukly Matrossovo Leonidovo-Sakhalinskoye (Leonidovo) 349,3 Olen-Sakhalinsky Goncharovo-Sakhalinskoye 329,0 Poronaysk Gastello 299,0 Vakhruschev-Sakhalinsky Novoye Markovo-Sakhalinskoye 266,8 Tumanovo-Sakhalinskoye 254,4 Makarov Porechye-Sakhalinskoye Grebenskaya Ugledarsk 227,0 Saosyornoye-Sakhalinskoye Vostotschny-Sakhalinsky 198,4 Pugachovo-Sakhalinskoye Zapko Tikhaya Poyassok-Sakhalinsky Ilyinsk-Sakhalinsky Ilyinsk 158,3 Arsentyevka 148,8 Vzmorye Ilyinsk-Yuzhny Dudino 173,0 Penzenskaya Firsovo Staromayachnaya Kirpichnaya-Sakhalinskaya 152,1 Tomari Podlesnaya Uroshaynaya-Sakhalinskaya Sovetskoye-Sakhalinskoye 130,2 Novoselovo-Sakhalinskoye Starodubskoye-Sakhalinskoye Sergeyevo-Sakhalinskoye 83,9 Dolinsk Baykovo Bykov-Sakhalinsky Chekhov-Sakhalinsky 73,15 Sokol Krasnoyarskaya-Sakhalinskaya Beresnyaki-Sakhalinskiye Kostromskaya-Sakhalinskaya Sinegorsk Pionery-Sakhalinskiye 51,8 Novoaleksandrovka (Novoalexandrovsk) 78,2 Yablotschnaya Lugovoye Simakovo Kholmsk-Severny train ferry to Vanino (BAM) Kholmsk 77 km Novoderevenskaya Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Mazulevka Polyakovo Dachnoye-Sakhalinskoye Peschanskoye Pravda-Sakhalinskaya Tretya Pad Aniva Kalinino-Sakhalinskoye Pervaya Pad Savety Ilyicha-Sakhalinskiye 2,6 Korsakov Yasnomorsky Lovetskaya Nevelsk Gornozavodsk Shakhta-Sakhalinskaya

A Japanese D51 steam locomotive outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station

The Treaty of Portsmouth following the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 placed the northern half of Sakhalin under the control of the Russian Empire, whilst the southern half (Karafuto) was under control of Japan.

On the Japanese half of the island, a 42.5 km long railway was built from Korsakov (大泊 (Otomari)) to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (豊原 (Toyohara)), with a gauge of 600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in). This section was later converted to the usual Japanese railway gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in).

In 1911, a 53.9 km branch was built from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk to Starodubskoye (Sakaehama). Between 1918 and 1921, the towns of Nevelsk (本斗 (Honto)), Kholmsk (真岡 (Maoka)), Chekhov (野田 (Noda)) and Tomari (泊居 (Tomarioru)) were also connected to the network. The Japanese railway network consisted of the Western Karafuto Railway from Naihoro (Gornozavodsk) to Tomarioru, and the Eastern Karafuto Railways from Otomari to Koton (Pobedino) until 1944. Its total length was over 700 km.

After the Second World War, control of the whole of the island passed to the Soviet Union, including the island's complete rail network and rolling stock. Wagons from the Soviet railways were re-gauged for use on the island. The locomotive factory in Lyudinovo produced diesel locomotives of the models TG16 and TG21 specifically for use on the island's narrow gauge network.

The Soviet era saw the network extended into the north of the island, with a total extent in 1992 of 1,072 km. By 2006, little-used sections such as Dachnoye-Aniva and Dolinsk-Starodubskoye had been closed, but the network still had a total length of 805 km.

In 1992, the Sakhalin Railway was split from the Far Eastern Railway and made its own administrative entity. It reverted to being part of the Far Eastern Railway in 2010.

Future prospects

ТГМ7 - 045 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The new track 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) / 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 ²⁷⁄₃₂ in)

Re-gauging and potential connection to the mainland

The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin planned to construct a tunnel between Sakhalin and the Russian mainland, which would have linked Sakhalin to the rest of the Soviet rail network. The project was begun using forced labour between 1950 and 1953, but was cancelled after Stalin's death.

Since 1973, a train ferry has connected Vanino (on the mainland near Sovetskaya Gavan) with the town of Kholmsk on Sakhalin.

There have been some calls from politicians to revive the concept of building a bridge or tunnel between Sakhalin and the mainland, although there have been concerns that the costs of the project would outweigh the benefits.^[1] However, Russian President Dimitry Medvedev announced his support for the project in November 2008, suggesting the link could be completed by 2030.^[2] In February 2013, the Russian government announced plans to build this link, including it in the 2012-2015 federal transport plan. It would connect the Sakhalin Railway to the Baikal-Amur Magistral at Komsomolsk-na-Amur. The link, estimated at 21 billion rubles, would require some 540–580 km of new construction on the mainland, a bridge across the Strait of Nevelskoy and an additional 100 km of new track to connect the line to the existing network.^[3]

In order to allow regular Russian trains to run on the island, the island's rail network is currently being converted to Russian broad gauge.^[4] The Russian Railways is converting the existing narrow gauge track to dual gauge with plans to complete the conversion by 2017.^[5]

Potential connection to Hokkaido

There have also been proposals to connect the southern tip of Sakhalin to the Japanese island of Hokkaido via a 40 km long bridge or tunnel. This link would allow a direct land transport link for container traffic from Japan to the Asian mainland and Europe.^[6][7]

Gallery

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  Д2
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  Д2
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  Д2
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  Д2
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  ТГ16 - 047
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  ТГМ7-027 in Cholmsk

References

External links

• Russian Railways Official Site (Russian language)
• Sakhalin Railway Official Site (Russian language)
• Photo - project «Steam Engine» (Russian language)
• «The site of the railroad» S. Bolashenko (Russian language)

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