Saham al-Jawlan
| Saham al-Jawlan سحم الجولان | |
|---|---|
| Village | |
  Saham al-Jawlan | |
| Coordinates: 32°46′52″N 35°56′5″E / 32.78111°N 35.93472°E | |
| Country |
 Syria |
| Governorate | Daraa Governorate |
| District | Daraa |
| Nahiya | al-Shajara |
| Population (2004) | |
| • Total | 6,572 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+3) |
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+2) |
Saham al-Jawlan (Arabic: سحم الجولان, Saḩam al Jawlān) is a Syrian village in the Daraa Governorate.[1] It had a population of 6,572 in 2004.[2] Most residents work in the cultivation of cereals, olives and vegetables.[1]
History
Antiquity
The village has remains dating back to the 4th century.[3] It is also believed to be the biblical city of Golan.[4]
Ottoman era
In 1596 Saham al-Jawlan appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the nahiya of Jawlan Sarqi in the Qada of Hauran. It had a Muslim population consisting of 22 households and 15 bachelors. Taxes were paid on wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and/or beehives.[5]
In 1891, the Agudat Ahim society headquartered in Yekatrinoslav, Russia, acquired 100,000 dunams of land in Saham al-Jawlan for Jewish agricultural settlement. Due to the Turkish ban on land purchase by Palestinian Jews, the permits were acquired by Baron Edmond de Rothschild. In 1895, the village of Tiferet Binyamin was established on the land,[6] but the Jews were forced to leave in July 1896, when the Ottomans evicted 17 non-Turkish families and issued an order that led to the expulsion of all East European Jews from the Golan Heights.[7] A later attempt to settle the site with Syrian Jews, who were Ottoman citizens, was not successful.[8] In 1921–1930, during the French Mandate, the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association (PICA) obtained the deeds to the Rothschild estate in Saham al-Jawlan and continued to manage it, collecting rent from the Arab peasants living there.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 سحم الجولان على الشيوع ومواطنوها محرومون من رخص البناء..? (in Arabic). Thawra alwehda. 20 September 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ↑ General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Daraa Governorate. (Arabic)
- ↑ Dan Urman, Paul Virgil McCracken Flesher (1998). Ancient Synagogues: Historical Analysis and Archaeological Discovery (Studia Post Biblica , No 47) (v. 1 & 2). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 426. ISBN 90-04-11254-5.
- ↑ Rami Arav, Richard A. Freund (2004). Bethsaida: A City by the North Shore of the Sea of Galilee, vol. 3 (v. 3) (Paperback ed.). Truman State University Press. p. 42. ISBN 1-931112-39-8.
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 198.
- ↑ Katz, Yosef. The "business" of settlement: private entrepreneurship in the Jewish settlement of Palestine, 1900–1914, Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1994. p. 20. ISBN 965-223-863-5
- ↑ Separation of Trans-Jordan from Palestine, Yitzhak Gil-Har, The Jerusalem Cathedra, ed. Lee Levine, Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi and Wayne State University, Jerusalem, 1981, p.306
- ↑ Efraim Orni, Elisha Efrat. Geography of Israel, Israel Universities Press, 1971.
- ↑ M. R. Fishbach, Jewish property claims against Arab countries, Columbia University Press (2008), p.161
Bibliography
- Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft.
- Schumacher (1889): Across the Jordan; being an exploration and survey of part of Hauran and Jaulan p 91 ff
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