Saenuri Party

Saenuri Party (New Frontier Party)
새누리당 Saenuridang
Leader	Kim Moo-sung
Spokesperson	Kim Young Woo Kwon Eun Hee Park Dae Chul
Floor Leader	Lee Wan-koo[1]
Founded	21 November 1997 (1997-11-21)
Merger of	New Korea United Democratic (1996)
Headquarters	18, Gukhoe-daero 70-gil Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 149-871
Ideology	Conservatism (South Korean)[2][3][4]
Political position	Centre-right[5][6][7][8] to Right-wing[9]
International affiliation	International Democrat Union
Colours	Red, blue[10]
Seats in the National Assembly	160 / 300 [11]
Municipal mayor and Gubernatorial	8 / 17
Seats within local government	1,639 / 3,893
Website
www.saenuriparty.kr
Politics of South Korea Political parties Elections

The Saenuri Party (Korean: 새누리당, Saenuri-dang; English: New Frontier Party^[12][13]) is a conservative political party in South Korea. Until February 2012, it was known as the Grand National Party (한나라당 Hannara-dang). The party holds a majority of seats in the 19th Assembly, lasting from 2012 to 2016.

History

The party was founded in 1997 as a merger of United Democratic Party and New Korea Party. Its earliest ancestor was the Democratic Republican Party^[14] under the rule of Park Chung-hee in 1963. Upon Park's death and at the beginning of the rule of Chun Doo-hwan in 1980, it was reconstituted and renamed as the Democratic Justice Party. In 1988, party member Roh Tae-woo introduced a wide range of political reforms including direct Presidential elections and a new constitution. The party was renamed in 1993, during the presidency of Kim Young-sam,^[15] with the merger of other parties to form the Democratic Liberal Party (Minju Jayudang). It was renamed as the New Korea Party (Sinhangukdang) in 1995, and it then became the Grand National Party in November 1997 following its merger with the smaller United Democratic Party (1996) and various conservative parties.^[16]

Three months later, with the election of Kim Dae-jung of the Centrist Reformists Democratic Party as president, the party's governing role came to an end, beginning its first ever period in opposition, which would last ten years. In October 2012, the Advancement Unification Party merged with the Saenuri Party.^[17]

Following the 2000 parliamentary elections, it was the single largest political party, with 54% of the vote and 147 seats out of 271.

The party was defeated in the parliamentary election in 2004 following the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun, gaining only 121 seats out of 299. The defeat reflected public disapproval of the impeachment which was instigated by the party. This was the first time in its history that the party had not won the most seats. It gained back five seats in by-elections, bringing it to 127 seats as of October 28, 2005.^[18]

Current status

On December 19, 2007, the GNP's candidate, former Seoul mayor Lee Myung-bak won the presidential election,^[19] ending the party's ten years period in opposition.

In the April 2008 general election, the GNP secured a majority of 153 seats out of 299 and gained power in the administration and the parliament as well as most local governments, despite the low turnout of votes.^[20]

One of the main bases of popular support of the party originates from the conservative, traditionalist elite and the rural population, except for farmers. It is strongest in the Gyeongsang region. Former party head and 2007 presidential candidate Park Geun-hye is the daughter of former President Park Chung-hee who ruled from 1961 to 1979. Although Representative Won Hee-ryeong and Hong Jun-pyo ran for the party primary as reformist candidates, former Seoul mayor and official presidential candidate Lee Myung-bak gained more support (about 40%) from the Korean public.

The GNP suffered a setback in the 2010 local elections, losing a total of 775 local seats throughout the counties,^[21] but remained as the most seats in the region.

2011

GNP-affiliated politician, Oh Se-hoon, lost his mayoral position of Seoul after the Seoul Free Lunch Referendum.

The Grand National Party has celebrated its 14th anniversary on November 21, 2011 amid uncertainties from intra-party crises.^[22]

The DDoS attacks during the October 2011 by-election have become a central concern of the GNP as it could potentially disintegrate the party leadership.^[23]

Emergency Response Commission

The Hong Jun-pyo leadership system collapsed on December 9, 2011 and GNP Emergency Response Commission was launched on December 17, 2011, with Park Geun-hye as commission chairperson, to prepare coming up Legislative Election 2012 on April 11, 2012 and Presidential Election 2012 on December 19, 2012.^[24]

There was a debate with Commission members about whether to transform the Grand National Party into a non-conservative political party or not, but Park said the GNP would never become non-conservative and will follow the real value of conservatism.^[25][26]

Political color

In February 2012, the party has changed its political official color from blue to red, in the past 30 years blue was the symbol of the conservative parties.^[27]

Policy

The GNP supports free trade and neoliberal economic policies. The GNP favors maintaining strong ties with the United States while distancing South Korea from North Korea. The party is also conservative on social issues such as opposed any legal recognition of same-sex couples.

Four Major Rivers Project

One of the GNP's important policies is to financially secure the The Four Major Rivers Project since President Lee Myung-bak was in office. This project's budget disputes have sparked controversial political motions in the National Assembly for three consecutive years.^[28]

Sejong City Project

The GNP has been less inclined toward the creation of a new capital city for South Korea, to be called Sejong City than the previous administration. As of 2012, the Saenuri Party has indicated some governmental offices will relocated to the new city, but not all.

Human rights activism

Saenuri Party has been very active in promoting the North Korean Human Rights Law, which would officially condemn the use of torture, public executions and other human rights violations in North Korea.^[29] Saenuri representative Ha Tae Kyung is the founder of Open Radio for North Korea, an NGO dedicated to spreading news and information about democracy, which citizens of North Korea have little access to due to the government's isolationist policies.^[30] In April 2012, Saenuri member Cho Myung-Chul became the first North Korean defector elected to the National Assembly.^[31] In spring 2012, several Saenuri representatives took part in the "Save my friend" protests, organized to oppose China's policy of repatriating North Korean defectors, and expressed their solidarity with Park Sun-young's hunger strike.^[32]

Criticism

Generating favorable online comments

• The GNP has records of secretly hiring and paying university students to generate online replies favorable to the GNP.^[33]
• GNP member Jin Seong-ho (진성호) formally apologized on July 2, 2009 for making a remark that "the GNP occupied Naver".^[34] Naver is one of the biggest South Korean internet portals.
• Seoul Metropolitan Election Commission reported unregistered Park Geun-hye's election camp run by Yun Jeong-hun to the Seoul Central Prosecutors' Office on charges of violating the public election law especially by using fake Twitter accounts and bloggers.^[35]

December 8, 2010 controversial bill-passing

• The GNP passed a bill relating to the year 2011 national budget without the opposition parties' input on December 8, 2010.^[36] It had caused legislative violence before. This process of passing the budget bill sparked controversy of potential illegality. Due to this incident, many South Korean political, academic and citizen groups expressed their outrage against current mainstream politics.^[37] The reason for forceful passing of the bill is mainly due to the budget disputes in the controversial Four Major Rivers Project.^[38]
• Many Buddhists in South Korea criticized the budget bill on December 8, 2010 for neglecting the national Temple Stay program.^[39] This has led the Jogye Order, the largest Buddhist order in South Korea, to sever ties with the GNP^[40] and becoming financially independent without any funding from the government.^[41]
• The interns and the staff working in the National Assembly officially complained on December 17 that their salary was missing after the passing of this bill.^[42]

Inefficient public relations

• The GNP was criticized for having an inefficient public relations that resulted fewer people voting for them during the 2010 local elections.^[43]

Infiltration of opposition party

A Blue House official of the pro-GNP Lee Myung-bak government illegally infiltrated a party meeting of the opposition Democratic Party, on October 18, 2011.^[44]

List of Chairpersons

1. Cho Soon (November 21, 1997 – November 28, 1998)
   • Lee Han-dong (November 29, 1998 – August 30, 1998) (acting)
2. Lee Hoi-chang (August 31, 1998 – May 12, 2002)
   • Park Kwan-yong (May 13, 2002 – May 14, 2002) (acting)
3. Seo Cheong-won (May 14, 2002 – May 25, 2003)
4. Choi Byeong-yul (May 26, 2003 – March 22, 2004)
5. Park Geun-hye (March 23, 2004 – July 10, 2006)
6. Kang Jae-sup (July 11, 2006 – July 3, 2008)
7. Park Hee-tae (July 4, 2008 – September 7, 2009)
8. Chung Mong-joon (September 7, 2009 – July 14, 2010)
9. Ahn Sang-soo (July 14, 2010 – May 8, 2011)
   • Jeong Ui-hwa (May 9, 2011 – July 4, 2011) (acting)
10. Hong Jun-pyo (July 4, 2011 – December 16, 2011)
    • Park Geun-hye (December 17, 2011 – May 15, 2012) (Emergency Response Commission)
11. Hwang Woo-yea^[45] (May 15, 2012 - May 15, 2014)
    • Lee Wan-gu (May 15, 2014 - July 14, 2014) (acting)
12. Kim Moo-sung (since July 14, 2014)

Election results

Presidential elections

Election	Candidate	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome	Party Name
1963	Park Chung-hee	4,702,640	46.6%	Elected Y	Democratic Republican Party
1967	Park Chung-hee	5,688,666	51.4%	Elected Y	Democratic Republican Party
1971	Park Chung-hee	6,342,828	53.2%	Elected Y	Democratic Republican Party
1972	Park Chung-hee	2,357 (electoral vote)	99.91	Elected Y	Democratic Republican Party
1978	Park Chung-hee	2,578 (electoral vote)	99.96%	Elected Y	Democratic Republican Party
1981	Chun Doo-hwan	4,755 (electoral vote)	90.2%	Elected Y	Democratic Justice Party
1987	Roh Tae-woo Kim Young-sam Kim Jong-pil	8,282,738	36.6% 28.0% 8.1%	Elected Y Lost N Lost N	Democratic Justice Party Reunification Democratic Party New Democratic Republican Party
1992	Kim Young-sam Chung Ju-yung	9,977,332 3,880,067	42.0% 16.3%	Elected Y Lost N	Democratic Liberal Party United People's Party
1997	Lee Hoi-chang	9,935,718	38.7%	Lost N	Grand National Party
2002	Lee Hoi-chang	11,443,297	46.5%	Lost N	Grand National Party
2007	Lee Myung-bak Lee Hoi-chang	11,492,389 3,559,963	48.7% 15.1%	Elected Y Lost N	Grand National Party Independent
2012	Park Geun-hye	15,773,128	51.6%	Elected Y	Saenuri Party

Legislative elections

Election	Total seats won	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader	Party Name
1963	110 / 175	3,112,985	33.5%	110 seats; Majority	Park Chung-hee	Democratic Republican Party
1967	129 / 175	5,494,922	50.6%	19 seats; Majority	Park Chung-hee	Democratic Republican Party
1971	113 / 204	5,460,581	48.8%	16 seats; Majority	Park Chung-hee	Democratic Republican Party
1973	146 / 219	4,251,754	38.7%	40 seats; Majority	Park Chung-hee	Democratic Republican Party
1978	145 / 231	4,695,995	31.7%	2 seats; Majority	Park Chung-hee	Democratic Republican Party
1981	151 / 276	5,776,624	35.6%	83 seats; Majority	Chun Doo-hwan	Democratic Justice Party
1985	148 / 276	7,040,811	34.0%	3 seats; Majority	Chun Doo-hwan	Democratic Justice Party
1988	125 / 299 59 / 299 35 / 299	6,675,494 4,680,175 3,062,506	34.0% 23.8% 15.6%	23 seats; Minority 59 seats; Minority 35 seats; Minority	Roh Tae-woo Kim Young-sam Kim Jong-pil	Democratic Justice Party Reunification Democratic Party New Democratic Republican Party
1992	149 / 299 31 / 299	7,923,719 3,574,419	38.5% 17.4%	149 seats; Minority 31 seats; Minority	Roh Tae-woo Chung Ju-yung	Democratic Liberal Party United People's Party
1996	139 / 299 50 / 299	6,783,730 3,178,474	34.5% 16.2%	24 seats; Minority 50 seats; Minority	Kim Young-sam Kim Jong-pil	New Korea Party United Liberal Democrats
2000	133 / 273 17 / 273	7,365,359 1,859,331	39.0% 9.8%	13 seats; Minority 35 seats; Minority	Lee Hoi-chang Kim Jong-pil	Grand National Party United Liberal Democrats
2004	121 / 299 4 / 299	7,613,660 600,462	35.8% 2.8%	24 seats; Minority 6 seats; Minority	Park Geun-hye Kim Jong-pil	Grand National Party United Liberal Democrats
2008	153 / 299 18 / 299 14 / 299	6,421,727 1,173,463 2,258,750	37.4% 6.8% 13.1%	32 seats; Majority 9 seats; Minority 14 seats; Minority	Kang Jae-seop Lee Hoi-chang Suh Chung-won	Grand National Party Liberty Forward Party Pro-Park Coalition
2012	153 / 300 5 / 300	9,130,651 690,754	42.8% 3.2%	1 seats; Majority 13 seats; Minority	Park Geun-hye Sim Dae-pyung	Saenuri Party Liberty Forward Party

Local elections

See also

• South Korean presidential election, 2012
• South Korean legislative election, 2012
• South Korean legislative election, 2008

References

External links

• Official website

Political parties in South Korea Numbers in brackets indicate numbers of seats in the current National Assembly In National Assembly Parliamentary group Saenuri (158) New Politics Alliance (130) Non-parliamentary group Justice (5) Extra Parliamentary Green Labor New Politics Politics of South Korea List of ruling political parties by country Politics portal

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