Sabbarin
| Sabbarin | |
|---|---|
  Sabbarin | |
| Arabic | صبارين |
| Name meaning | "rough ground"[1] |
| Also spelled |
Sabarin Sabbarim |
| Subdistrict | Haifa |
| Coordinates | 32°34′16.09″N 35°1′23.15″E / 32.5711361°N 35.0230972°ECoordinates: 32°34′16.09″N 35°1′23.15″E / 32.5711361°N 35.0230972°E |
| Palestine grid | 152/219 |
| Population | 1,700[2] (1945) |
| Area |
25,307[2] dunams 25.3 km² |
| Date of depopulation | 12–14 May 1948[3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current localities | Ramot Menashe, Ammiqam |
Sabbarin was a Palestinian Arab village located 28 kilometers south of Haifa. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.
History
In 1859 Sabbarin had about 600 inhabitants, who cultivated 55 faddans (1 faddan =100-250 dunums) of land.[4]
The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870, and noted that the villagers cultivated sesame. A well, called Bir Sabbarin, appeared well built. The village had an estimated 1000 inhabitants, with homes constructed of stones or adobe.[5]
In the 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Sabbarin as a "large" village, situated on a slope. The well was said to be the head of the Caesarea aqueduct.[6] The oval well was 15 feet diameter and 15 feet deep.[7]
According to the 1931 census of Palestine, the village had a population of 1,108 inhabitants, 18 Christians and the rest Muslim, in a total of 256 houses.[8]
By 1944/1945, the village's lands spanned 25,307 dunams.[9] 12,773 dunums of land used for cereals; while 45 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards.[10][11]
1948 and aftermath
Sabbarin was captured by Israeli forces on May 12, 1948 during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Operation Coastal Clearing. It was defended by a local militia and possibly the Arab Liberation Army.[9] According to Benny Morris, the IZL (Irgun) encountered resistance there and the majority of the villagers fled after 20 of them were killed in a firefight, with an IZL armoured car firing on the villagers as they fled. More than one hundred people, including the elderly, women, and children, who had not fled were held behind barbed wire for a few days before being expelled to nearby Umm al-Fahm.[12] Others who had fled earlier ended up in refugee camps in the Jenin area.[9]
An IZL officer recounted how during a search of the column of refugees, a pistol and a rifle were found. Seven men were detained and were asked who the weapons belonged to. After they refused to answer, the IZL men threatened them with death. After still refusing to answer, the IZL men carried out a "field court martial," sentenced the seven to death, and thereafter executed them on the spot.[12]
There are two Israeli settlements on village land; Ramot Menashe, built northeast of the site in 1948, and Ammiqam, built in 1950, 1 km south of the village site.[10]
Khalidi described the place in 1992:
The large site, strewn with the stone debris of houses, is overgrown with wild thorns. The thorns are interspersed with cactuses and pine, fig, olive and mulberry trees. Some of the surrounding lands are used by Israelis as pasture and growing fruit trees.[10]
Families from Sabbarin[13]
- Al-'Abahri (Arabic: العباري )
- Al-Hajj Mahmud (Arabic: الحج محمود )
- AlDe'emeh (Arabic: الدعمة )
- Abu Libdi (Arabic: ابو لبده )
- Ghnima (Arabic: غنيمه )
- Hatab (Arabic: حطاب )
- Al-Samada'a (Arabic: الصمادعة )
- Abu Diab (Arabic: ابو ذياب)
- Almallah
- al-Hmedih
See also
- List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 153
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 49
- ↑ Morris, 2004, p.xviii, village #159. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 43
- ↑ Guérin, 1875, p. 304
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 43. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 187
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 68
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 95
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Welcome to Sabbarin: Town Statistics and Facts". Palestine Remembered. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Khalidi, 1992, p.187
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 92
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Morris, 2004, p. 244.
- ↑ http://www.palestineremembered.com/Haifa/Sabbarin/
Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient Roman aqueduct in Caesarea Maritima. |
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Guérin, Victor (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0-88728-224-5
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00967-7
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.