SYT1
Synaptotagmin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYT1 gene.[1]
The synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles thought to serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Calcium binding to synaptotagmin I participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse (Fernandez-Chacon et al., 2001).[supplied by OMIM][2]
SYT1 is the master switch responsible for allowing the human brain to release neurotransmitters. SYT1 senses calcium concentrations as low as 10 ppm and subsequently signals the SNARE complex to open fusion pores.[3]
Interactions
SYT1 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25,[4][5] STX1A[6][7] and S100A13.[8][9]
References
- ↑ Perin MS, Johnston PA, Ozcelik T, Jahn R, Francke U, Sudhof TC (February 1991). "Structural and functional conservation of synaptotagmin (p65) in Drosophila and humans". J Biol Chem 266 (1): 615–22. PMID 1840599.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: SYT1 synaptotagmin I".
- ↑ Lee HK, Yang Y, Su Z, Hyeon C, Lee TS, Lee HW, Kweon DH, Shin YK, Yoon TY (May 2010). "Dynamic Ca2+-Dependent Stimulation of Vesicle Fusion by Membrane-Anchored Synaptotagmin 1". Science 328 (5979): 760–3. doi:10.1126/science.1187722. PMC 2994549. PMID 20448186. Lay summary – sciencedaily.com.
- ↑ Gerona, R R; Larsen E C; Kowalchyk J A; Martin T F (March 2000). "The C terminus of SNAP25 is essential for Ca(2+)-dependent binding of synaptotagmin to SNARE complexes". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (9): 6328–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6328. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10692432.
- ↑ Zhang, Xiaodong; Kim-Miller Mindy J, Fukuda Mitsunori, Kowalchyk Judith A, Martin Thomas F J (May 2002). "Ca2+-dependent synaptotagmin binding to SNAP-25 is essential for Ca2+-triggered exocytosis". Neuron (United States) 34 (4): 599–611. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00671-2. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 12062043.
- ↑ Shao, X; Li C; Fernandez I; Zhang X; Südhof T C; Rizo J (January 1997). "Synaptotagmin-syntaxin interaction: the C2 domain as a Ca2+-dependent electrostatic switch". Neuron (UNITED STATES) 18 (1): 133–42. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)80052-0. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 9010211.
- ↑ Thomas, D M; Ferguson G D; Herschman H R; Elferink L A (July 1999). "Functional and Biochemical Analysis of the C2 Domains of Synaptotagmin IV". Mol. Biol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 10 (7): 2285–95. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.7.2285. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 25443. PMID 10397765.
- ↑ Mouta Carreira, C; LaVallee T M; Tarantini F; Jackson A; Lathrop J T; Hampton B; Burgess W H; Maciag T (August 1998). "S100A13 is involved in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor-1 and p40 synaptotagmin-1 release in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 273 (35): 22224–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22224. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9712836.
- ↑ Landriscina, M; Bagalá C; Mandinova A; Soldi R; Micucci I; Bellum S; Prudovsky I; Maciag T (July 2001). "Copper induces the assembly of a multiprotein aggregate implicated in the release of fibroblast growth factor 1 in response to stress". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (27): 25549–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102925200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11432880.
Further reading
- Mochly-Rosen D, Miller KG, Scheller RH et al. (1992). "p65 fragments, homologous to the C2 region of protein kinase C, bind to the intracellular receptors for protein kinase C". Biochemistry 31 (35): 8120–4. doi:10.1021/bi00150a003. PMID 1326322.
- McMahon HT, Missler M, Li C, Südhof TC (1995). "Complexins: cytosolic proteins that regulate SNAP receptor function". Cell 83 (1): 111–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90239-2. PMID 7553862.
- O'Regan S, Diebler MF, Meunier FM, Vyas S (1995). "A Ewing's sarcoma cell line showing some, but not all, of the traits of a cholinergic neuron". J. Neurochem. 64 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64010069.x. PMID 7798952.
- Zhang JZ, Davletov BA, Südhof TC, Anderson RG (1994). "Synaptotagmin I is a high affinity receptor for clathrin AP-2: implications for membrane recycling". Cell 78 (5): 751–60. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(94)90442-1. PMID 8087843.
- Chapman ER, Blasi J, An S et al. (1996). "Fatty acylation of synaptotagmin in PC12 cells and synaptosomes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 225 (1): 326–32. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1174. PMID 8769138.
- Perin MS (1996). "Mirror image motifs mediate the interaction of the COOH terminus of multiple synaptotagmins with the neurexins and calmodulin". Biochemistry 35 (43): 13808–16. doi:10.1021/bi960853x. PMID 8901523.
- Betz A, Okamoto M, Benseler F, Brose N (1997). "Direct interaction of the rat unc-13 homologue Munc13-1 with the N terminus of syntaxin". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (4): 2520–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.4.2520. PMID 8999968.
- Shao X, Li C, Fernandez I et al. (1997). "Synaptotagmin-syntaxin interaction: the C2 domain as a Ca2+-dependent electrostatic switch". Neuron 18 (1): 133–42. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)80052-0. PMID 9010211.
- Charvin N, L'evêque C, Walker D et al. (1997). "Direct interaction of the calcium sensor protein synaptotagmin I with a cytoplasmic domain of the alpha1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel". EMBO J. 16 (15): 4591–6. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.15.4591. PMC 1170085. PMID 9303303.
- Mouta Carreira C, LaVallee TM, Tarantini F et al. (1998). "S100A13 is involved in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor-1 and p40 synaptotagmin-1 release in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (35): 22224–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22224. PMID 9712836.
- Thomas DM, Ferguson GD, Herschman HR, Elferink LA (1999). "Functional and Biochemical Analysis of the C2 Domains of Synaptotagmin IV". Mol. Biol. Cell 10 (7): 2285–95. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.7.2285. PMC 25443. PMID 10397765.
- Gerona RR, Larsen EC, Kowalchyk JA, Martin TF (2000). "The C terminus of SNAP25 is essential for Ca(2+)-dependent binding of synaptotagmin to SNARE complexes". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (9): 6328–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6328. PMID 10692432.
- Mizutani A, Fukuda M, Ibata K et al. (2000). "SYNCRIP, a cytoplasmic counterpart of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R, interacts with ubiquitous synaptotagmin isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (13): 9823–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.13.9823. PMID 10734137.
- Kimura N, Shiraishi S, Mizunashi K et al. (2001). "Synaptotagmin I expression in mast cells of normal human tissues, systemic mast cell disease, and a human mast cell leukemia cell line". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49 (3): 341–6. doi:10.1177/002215540104900308. PMID 11181737.
- Fernández-Chacón R, Königstorfer A, Gerber SH et al. (2001). "Synaptotagmin I functions as a calcium regulator of release probability". Nature 410 (6824): 41–9. doi:10.1038/35065004. PMID 11242035.
- Fukuda M, Mikoshiba K (2001). "Synaptotagmin-like protein 1-3: a novel family of C-terminal-type tandem C2 proteins". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 281 (5): 1226–33. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4512. PMID 11243866.
- Martina JA, Bonangelino CJ, Aguilar RC, Bonifacino JS (2001). "Stonin 2: An Adaptor-like Protein That Interacts with Components of the Endocytic Machinery". J. Cell Biol. 153 (5): 1111–20. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.5.1111. PMC 2174325. PMID 11381094.
- Landriscina M, Bagalá C, Mandinova A et al. (2001). "Copper induces the assembly of a multiprotein aggregate implicated in the release of fibroblast growth factor 1 in response to stress". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (27): 25549–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102925200. PMID 11432880.
- Coppola T, Magnin-Luthi S, Perret-Menoud V et al. (2001). "Direct interaction of the Rab3 effector RIM with Ca2+ channels, SNAP-25, and synaptotagmin". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (35): 32756–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100929200. PMID 11438518.
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