SS Empress Queen
 Empress Queen | |
| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Empress Queen |
| Owner: | 1897–1916: IOMSPCo. |
| Operator: | 1897–1916: IOMSPCo. |
| Port of registry: | Douglas, Isle of Man |
| Builder: | Fairfields & Co. Govan |
| Cost: | £130,000 (£12,870,000 in 2015).[1] |
| Launched: | Thursday, 4 March 1897 |
| In service: | 1897 |
| Identification: |
Official Number 95759 Code Letters P V R M     [2] |
| Fate: | Ran ashore off Bembridge whilst on trooping duties in dense fog. Subsequently abandoned. |
| Status: | Wrecked LAT:50°40'N LON:001°05'W. |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage: | 2,140 gross register tons (GRT) |
| Length: | 360 ft 1 in (109.8 m) |
| Beam: | 42 ft 3 in (12.9 m) |
| Depth: | 17 ft (5.2 m) |
| Installed power: | 10,000 ihp (7,500 kW) |
| Propulsion: | Two diagonal three-crank compound engines working at 140 pounds per square inch (970 kPa), developing 10,000 ihp (7,500 kW). |
| Speed: | 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph) |
| Capacity: | 1994 passengers |
| Crew: | 95 |
SS (RMS) Empress Queen was a steel paddle steamer, which was the last of its type ordered by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company.[3] She was chartered by the Admiralty in 1915 and used for trooping duties until she ran aground off Bembridge, Isle of Wight, England, and was subsequently abandoned.
Construction and dimensions
Empress Queen was built by Fiarfields at Govan in 1897 at a cost of £130,000; (£12,870,000 in 2015)[1] and launched on Thursday, March 4, 1897. Her boilers and engines also came from her builder.
Empress Queen was the largest and fastest paddle-driven cross-channel steamer ever to be built. She displaced a tonnage of 2,140 GRT; length 360'1"; beam 42'3" depth 17'. The engine design was very advanced for its day. She had a boiler steam pressure of 140 pounds per square inch (970 kPa), and her two diagonal three-crank compound type engines developed 10,000 i.h.p. One high pressure cylinder was 68" in diameter and was placed centrally with the two low pressure cylinders of 92" diameter on either side. The stroke was 84" and the usual running speed was 44 r.p.m. This produced to give Empress Queen a service speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph).
Her engines and paddle wheels were claimed to be the heaviest ever placed in a paddle steamer, with one paddle shaft wheel alone weighing 70 tons. Sixteen firemen worked at her 32 furnaces.
Service life
Empress Queen entered service with the Company's fleet in 1897. It was intended to call her the Douglas, but the name Empress Queen was adopted in honour of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.
She was the first Steam Packet vessel to be fitted with wireless telegraphy, which was installed on August 19, 1903.
Empress Queen was the last paddle steamer ordered to be built for the line, and she was a record breaker for her day. On September 13, 1897, she made passage from the Rock Lighthouse, New Brighton, to Douglas Head (a distance of 68 nautical miles), in 2 hr. 57 min.; the fastest time then recorded. The whole voyage from the Princes Landing Stage to Douglas Harbour took three hours and five minutes, two minutes faster than the record held by the Prince of Wales.[4]
She continued to give valued service to and from the Island until she was chartered by the Admiralty on February 6, 1915.
War service and loss
Empress Queen was ideally suited as a troop carrier. On leaving Douglas she steamed to Barrow and was fitted out for her wartime role in less than two weeks. Following her fitting out, she then made passage to Southampton and two days later was on the first of her duties, taking 1,900 men of a Scottish regiment to Le Havre.
Her end was unexpected. Empress Queen had been regarded by the authorities as an exceptionally reliable paddle steamer; she had never stopped for weather or engine trouble. Then on February 1, 1916, she was returning to Southampton from Le Havre with 1,300 men on board. The weather was foul, the visibility was but a few yards, when she ran ashore at 05:00hrs on the Ring Rocks off Bembridge, Isle of Wight. She ran well up on to them on a rising tide, the wind was light, and the sea was calm.
Destroyers took off the troops, the crew remained on board as efforts were made to pull the vessel off. It was not expected to be a difficult task, but it proved impossible. The weather changed in a matter of hours and a gale blew up. The Queen Victoria was launched from the Bembridge Lifeboat Station to undertake rescue operations. Bembridge coxswain John Holbrook injured his hand while fastening a line to the stricken vessel, but nevertheless made four trips between the ship and the shore, rescuing 110 people. And additional nine people were rescued by another vessel. Holbrook was awarded an RNLI silver medal for his actions.[5][6]
The Empress Queen, regarded as the fastest paddle steamer of her day when Fairfield's built her in 1897, and certainly the finest of her type to see service with the Steam Packet Company, was broken up by the wind and tide as the seasons passed.
She became a familiar landmark to Southampton and Portsmouth shipping. Her two funnels were still to be seen above the water on Armistice Day. During the following summer, after a long and heavy gale, they finally disappeared.
The position of the wreck of Empress Queen is given as 50°40′0″N 1°05′0″W / 50.66667°N 1.08333°WCoordinates: 50°40′0″N 1°05′0″W / 50.66667°N 1.08333°W.[7]
Gallery
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References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Empress Queen. |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
- ↑ Ships of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company (Fred Henry) p.64
- ↑ "PS Empress Queen". isleofman.com. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ↑ Fred Henry. Ships of the Isle f Man Steam Packet Company (p.19)
- ↑ For Those In Peril – The Lifeboat Service of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, Station by Station. Author: Leach, Nicholas. Publisher: Silver Link Publishing Ltd, First Issue 1999. Work:Part 2, South Coast of England – Eastbourne to Weston-super-Mare, Page 78, Bembridge. ISBN 1-85794-129-2
- ↑ Lifeboat Gallantry - RNLI Medals and how they were won. Author: Cox, Barry. Published by: Spink & Son Ltd. Work: Page 236 - HOLBROOK John, Coxswain, Bembridge Lifeboat. ISBN 0907605893
- ↑ http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?1222
Bibliography
- Chappell, Connery (1980). Island Lifeline, T. Stephenson & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-901314-20-X.
External links
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