SRNA-Xcc1

sRNA-Xcc1 (small RNA identified from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is a family of trans-acting non-coding RNA (also known as small RNA).[1][2] Homologs of sRNA-Xcc1 are found in a few bacterial strains belonging to alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria,and delta-proteobacteria. In Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, sRNA-Xcc1 is encoded by an integron gene cassette and is under the positive control of the virulence regulators HrpG and HrpX.[3][4]

The Origin and Phylogenetic Distribution

sRNA-Xcc1 is encoded by a gene cassette in the integron of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and homologs of sRNA-Xcc1 are frequently found in integron gene cassettes cloned from uncultured bacterium,[5] it is possible that sRNA-Xcc1 is originally captured by integrons from natural environments. sRNA-Xcc1 homologs are found in a few taxonomically far related strains across alpha-, beta- and gamma-proteobacteria but not in close related bacteria, implying that sRNA-Xcc1 is transferred via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). sRNA-Xcc1 homologous gene are found located on Tn5542, a transposon carryed by the plasmid pHMT112 indicating that the horizontal transfer of sRNA-Xcc1 is realized by means of transposons and/or plasmids.[6]

Potential Biological Function

The expression of sRNA-Xcc1 is under the positive control of the two important virulence regulators HrpG and HrpX of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, indicating that sRNA-Xcc1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of the pathogen.

References

  1. ↑ Chen XL, Tang DJ, Jiang RP, He YQ, Jiang BL, Lu GT, Tang JL (2011). "sRNA-Xcc1, an integron-encoded transposon- and plasmid-transferred trans-acting sRNA, is under the positive control of the key virulence regulators HrpG and HrpX of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris.". RNA Biol 8 (6): 947–53. doi:10.4161/rna.8.6.16690. PMC 3256417. PMID 21941121.
  2. ↑ Schmidtke C, Findeiß S, Sharma CM, Kuhfuß J, Hoffmann S, Vogel J et al. (2011). "Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas identifies sRNAs with putative virulence functions.". Nucleic Acids Res 40 (5): 2020–2031. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr904. PMC 3300014. PMID 22080557.
  3. ↑ Wengelnik K, Van den Ackerveken G, Bonas U (1996). "HrpG, a key hrp regulatory protein of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is homologous to two-component response regulators.". Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9 (8): 704–12. doi:10.1094/mpmi-9-0704. PMID 8870269.
  4. ↑ Wengelnik K, Bonas U (1996). "HrpXv, an AraC-type regulator, activates expression of five of the six loci in the hrp cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.". J Bacteriol 178 (12): 3462–9. PMC 178114. PMID 8655542.
  5. ↑ Gillings MR, Holley MP, Stokes HW, Holmes AJ (2005). "Integrons in Xanthomonas: a source of species genome diversity.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 (12): 4419–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0406620102. PMC 555480. PMID 15755815.
  6. ↑ Tan HM, Tang HY, Joannou CL, Abdel-Wahab NH, Mason JR (1993). "The Pseudomonas putida ML2 plasmid-encoded genes for benzene dioxygenase are unusual in codon usage and low in G+C content.". Gene 130 (1): 33–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90343-2. PMID 8344526.

Phylogenetic diagrams