Sócrates

Sócrates

Sócrates in 2005
Personal information
Full name	Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira
Date of birth	(1954-02-19)19 February 1954
Place of birth	Belém, Pará, Brazil
Date of death	4 December 2011(2011-12-04) (aged 57)
Place of death	São Paulo, Brazil
Height	1.93 m (6 ft 4 in)
Playing position	Attacking midfielder
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1974–1978	Botafogo-SP	269	(101)
1978–1984	Corinthians	297	(172)
1984–1985	Fiorentina	25	(6)
1986–1987	Flamengo	25	(6)
1988–1989	Santos	23	(7)
1989	Botafogo-SP	0	(0)
2004[1]	Garforth Town	1	(0)
Total		640	(292)
National team
1979–1986	Brazil	60	(22)
Teams managed
1990	Botafogo-SP
1996	LDU Quito
1999	Cabofriense
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals).

Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira, MD (19 February 1954 – 4 December 2011), simply Sócrates, was a Brazilian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. His doctorate in medicine and his political awareness, earned him the nickname "Doctor Socrates".

Easily recognizable for his beard and headband, Sócrates became the "symbol of cool for a whole generation of football supporters".^[2] He was a technical playmaker, known for great through passes and his vision on the field, as well as his physical strength. He was also a two-footed player and a prolific goal scorer. His ability to read the game was highly valued, and his signature move was the blind heel pass.^[3] He was considered to be one of the greatest midfielders ever to play the game.^[4] In 1983, he was named South American Footballer of the Year. In 2004 he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.^[5]

Sócrates played for Brazil for seven years, scoring 22 goals and representing the nation in two World Cups. He captained the team in the 1982 FIFA World Cup; playing in midfield alongside Zico, Falcão and Éder, considered one of the greatest Brazilian national teams ever.^[6] He also appeared in the 1979 and 1983 Copa América. At club level, Sócrates played for Botafogo-SP before joining Corinthians in 1978. He moved to Italy to play for Fiorentina, returning to Brazil in 1985 to end his career.

Playing career

Club career

Sócrates was born in Belém do Pará.^[2] He began playing football professionally in 1974 for Botafogo-SP in his native Ribeirão Preto, but spent the majority of his career (1978 to 1984) with Corinthians, scoring 41 goals in 59 Série A games, and 172 goals in 297 matches in total.^[7]

In 1984–85, aged 30, Sócrates had his first experience abroad, playing in Serie A with Fiorentina. He returned to his country after that sole season, representing Flamengo, Santos and former club Botafogo-SP, and retiring in 1989.^[7]

In 2004, more than a decade after retiring, 50-year-old Sócrates agreed to a one month player-coaching deal with Garforth Town of the Northern Counties East Football League in England.^[8] He made his only appearance for the club on 20 November, against Tadcaster Albion, coming on as a substitute twelve minutes from time.^[9]

International career

Sócrates was capped 60 times for Brazil between May 1979 and June 1986, scoring 22 goals.^[9] He captained the national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and also appeared in the 1986 World Cup in Mexico.^[7] In the latter edition, he scored twice, starting with the game's only goal against Spain in the group stage.^[10] he added another in the round-of-16 4–0 win over Poland, shooting his penalty kick without running; in the following game, against France, he tried to convert it in the same fashion, but had his shootout attempt saved by goalkeeper Joël Bats.^[11]

Sócrates also represented the country at the 1979 and 1983 Copa América tournaments. In the latter he appeared in only one game, the second leg of the final against Uruguay (1–1 home draw, 1–3 aggregate loss).^[12]

Statistics

Club

^[13][14][15]

Brazil

^[13]

Honours

Personal life

Sócrates lived in Ribeirão Preto with his wife and six children. He was a columnist for a number of newspapers and magazines, writing not only about sports, but also politics and economics. He frequently appeared on Brazilian TV programmes as a football pundit. At the time of his death, Sócrates was writing a fictional book about the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.^[16]

Sócrates was a doctor of medicine, a rare achievement for a professional footballer (he was a graduate of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto).^[17] Even rarer is the fact that he earned the degree while concurrently playing professional football. After retiring as a player he practised medicine at Ribeirão Preto.^[2]

He was also noted for being an intellectual, a heavy drinker and a smoker.^[11] His younger brother Raí was also a footballer and an attacking midfielder, being a member of the Brazilian team that won the World Cup in 1994, notably playing for São Paulo and for Paris Saint-Germain.^[18][19][20]

Politics

During his time at Corinthians, Sócrates co-founded the Corinthians Democracy movement, in opposition to the then-ruling military government.^[21] Sócrates and his team mates protested against the regime's treatment of footballers, and showed support to the wider movement for democratisation, by wearing shirts with "Democracia" written on them during games.^[22] Sócrates has stated that three of his childhood heroes were Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and John Lennon.^[23] "Lula was good, he said, but earned a mere seven or so out of ten for how he had governed Brazil."^[24]

Legacy and death

Pelé named Sócrates in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players in March 2004 and World Soccer named him one of 100 best footballers in history. In October 2008, he was inducted into the Pacaembu Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame.

The Brazilian's health started to deteroriate, on 19 August 2011, Sócrates was admitted to intensive care in the Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo with gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension and was discharged nine days later.^[25] The following month he spent 17 days in hospital with a liver ailment.^[26] On 1 December 2011, he was hospitalised with food poisoning which developed into septic shock and he was put on life-support.^[27] He died on 4 December 2011 at the age of 57.^[28] He was survived by his wife and six children.^[29]

President of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, paid tribute, saying Brazil had lost "one of its most cherished sons". "On the field, with his talent and sophisticated touches, he was a genius. Off the field... he was active politically, concerned with his people and his country."^[4]

Corinthians fans held up signs in tribute and there was a moment of silence before the team's match against Palmeiras (a 0–0 draw which secured Corinthians their first Brazilian title for six years).^[4] The result matched a professed desire of Sócrates, who had once stated his wish "to die on a sunday when Corinthians won a trophy".^[30] Fiorentina held a minute's silence before their league match against Roma, and the players wore black armbands in tribute.^[4]

Former Brazil striker Ronaldo tweeted: "Sad start to the day. Rest in peace Dr. Socrates."^[4] Zico called him "unique".^[4] Italy's Paolo Rossi described the death as "a piece of our history that's broken off and gone away".^[4] Garforth chairman Simon Clifford paid tribute to the "great grace" of Sócrates.^[1]

Myths

There is a persistent myth that Sócrates studied medicine in Dublin, Ireland, and that during this time he played reserve football for University College Dublin. The rumour gained some credibility following articles in several newspapers apparently confirming it, in one case even citing a confirmation by a named source within the Football Association of Ireland.^[31][32] The story is, however, untrue, and has been debunked in other newspaper articles,^[33][34][35] and denied by the Dublin college.^[36]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sócrates.

• Sócrates – FIFA competition record
• Sócrates at Sambafoot.com
• Garforth debut photo gallery at BBC

Brazil squads Brazil squad – 1979 Copa América Third Place 1 Leão 2 Toninho 3 Amaral 4 Edinho 5 Carpegiani 6 Marco Antônio 7 Tita 8 Falcão 9 Sócrates 10 Palhinha 11 Zé Sérgio 12 Carlos 13 Nelinho 14 Rondinelli 15 Pintinho 16 Pedrinho 17 Jair Gonçalves 18 Chicão 19 Juary 20 Zenon 21 Zezé 22 João Leite Coach: Coutinho Brazil squad – 1980 Mundialito Runners-up 1 Carlos 2 Edevaldo 3 Oscar 4 Luizinho 5 Batista 6 Júnior 7 Tita 8 Toninho Cerezo 9 Sócrates 10 Renato 11 Zé Sérgio 12 João Leite 13 Getúlio 14 Juninho 15 Edinho 16 Paulo Isidoro 17 Serginho 18 Éder Coach: Telê Santana Brazil squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup 1 Waldir Peres 2 Leandro 3 Oscar 4 Luizinho 5 Toninho Cerezo 6 Júnior 7 Paulo Isidoro 8 Sócrates (c) 9 Serginho 10 Zico 11 Éder 12 Paulo Sérgio 13 Edevaldo 14 Juninho 15 Falcão 16 Edinho 17 Pedrinho 18 Batista 19 Renato 20 Roberto Dinamite 21 Dirceu 22 Carlos Coach: Telê Santana Brazil squad – 1983 Copa América Runners-up 1 Leão 2 Leandro 3 Márcio 4 Mozer 5 Andrade 6 Júnior 7 Renato Gaúcho 8 Sócrates 9 Roberto Dinamite 10 Tita 11 Jorginho 12 João Marcos 13 Paulo Roberto 14 Toninho Carlos 15 Wladimir 16 China 17 Renato 18 Careca 19 Éder 20 Leiz 21 João Paulo 22 Acácio 23 Geraldo Coach: Parreira Brazil squad – 1986 FIFA World Cup 1 Carlos 2 Édson 3 Oscar 4 Edinho (c) 5 Falcão 6 Júnior 7 Müller 8 Casagrande 9 Careca 10 Zico 11 Edivaldo 12 Paulo Vitor 13 Josimar 14 Júlio César 15 Alemão 16 Mauro Galvão 17 Branco 18 Sócrates 19 Elzo 20 Silas 21 Valdo 22 Leão Coach: Telê Santana