Rover 12

The Rover 12 was a name given to several medium-sized family cars from the British Rover car company between 1905 and 1948.

1939-built Rover 12

Rover 10-12 (1905-1907)

Rover 10-12
Overview
Manufacturer Rover
Production 1905-1907
Powertrain
Engine 1767 cc straight 4
Dimensions
Wheelbase 84 in (2,134 mm)[1]

The first Rover 12 was the third car the company made and was launched in 1905. It had a four-cylinder, water-cooled, side-valve, monobloc engine of 1767 cc.

Rover 12 (1909-1910)

Rover 12
Overview
Manufacturer Rover
Production 1909-1910
Powertrain
Engine 1624 cc two-cylinder
Dimensions
Wheelbase 88 in (2,235 mm) or 100 in (2,540 mm)[1]
Length 140 in (3,556 mm)[1]

The new Rover 12 used a two-cylinder, water-cooled, side-valve engine of 1624 cc. The chassis and rear axle of this car would go on to be used in modified form in the 1912 cars.

Many of these cars saw use as taxis.

Rover 12 (1911-1912)

Rover 12
Overview
Manufacturer Rover
Production 1911-1912
Powertrain
Engine 1882 cc two-cylinder sleeve valve
Dimensions
Wheelbase 106 in (2,692 mm) or 100 in (2,540 mm)[1]
Length 148 in (3,759 mm)[1]
Width 61.5 in (1,562 mm)[1]

As a complete change the 1911 Rover 12 had a Knight two-cylinder, water-cooled, sleeve-valve engine of 1882 cc. This had an output of 12 bhp. It is probable that many of the engine components, if not complete engines were bought in from Daimler who held the British patent rights.

Rover 12 (1912-1923) and 14 (1924)

Rover 12 and 14
Overview
Manufacturer Rover
Production 1912-1924
13,000 approx made
Designer Owen Clegg
Powertrain
Engine 2297 cc straight 4
Transmission 3 or4 speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 116 in (2,946 mm)[1]
Length 168 in (4,267 mm) [1]

The new Rover 12 arrived in 1912 replacing all previous models and was designed by Owen Clegg who had joined Rover from Wolseley. It had a four-cylinder, water-cooled, side-valve engine of 2297 cc with an SU carburettor made by Rover under licence. Around 5000 were made before World War I. The transmission was three-speed, separate from the engine, and drove the rear axle which had a worm drive. Semi elliptic leaf springs were fitted front and rear. Rear wheel brakes, operated by the hand lever were fitted, with a transmission brake operated by the foot pedal.

Post war, in 1919, the engine got a detachable cylinder head and electric starter.[2] A 6 in (152 mm) longer wheelbase chassis became an option in 1921. Advertisements in 1922 quote open two- and four-seat, saloon, limousine coupé and drophead coupé bodies being available at prices from £625 to £800.

In 1924 the model name was changed to the Rover 14 and a four-speed gearbox fitted although the three-speed remained an option on the open models. There was no change to the engine but the new name was claimed to more closely represent the treasury rating of 13.9 hp. A Weymann fabric bodied saloon was added to the range. The last of the cars was made in 1924 after around 13,000 had been made.[2]

registered 31 December 1914

Rover 12/4 (P1) (1934-1936)

Rover 12
P1 & P2

P1 six-light saloon body 1½ litre 12hp engine, 1935
Overview
Manufacturer Rover
Production 1934-1948
22401 made [3]
Body and chassis
Body style saloon, coupé, open 4-seater
Powertrain
Engine 1496 cc ohv straight 4
Transmission 4-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 112 in (2,845 mm)(1934)
112 in (2,845 mm)(1935 on)[1]
Length 169 in (4,293 mm) to 172 in (4,369 mm)[1]
Width 62 in (1,575 mm)[1]
Chronology
Predecessor Rover Pilot

The new 12 was launched in 1934 and was part of the new range introduced by the Wilks brothers. It had a new 1496 cc, four-cylinder engine producing 53 bhp. The chassis was also new but based on the one seen on the 1933 Speed Pilot and was "underslung" going under the rear axle. The four-speed transmission featured a freewheel mechanism. The suspension was conventional with rigid axles and half elliptic leaf springs all round. The early cars had a 112 in (2,845 mm) wheelbase but this was stretched by 3 in (76 mm) for 1935 with the extra space giving the rear passengers more leg room. A top speed of 70 mph and economy of 24 mpg was claimed in contemporary advertisements.

The bodies were traditionally built with steel panels fitted to a wooden frame. A six light Saloon (£278), four light Sports Saloon with small external boot (£298) and four-seat tourer (£288) bodies were available. 5775 of this version were made.[3] This car became known to enthusiasts as the P1.

P1 four-light sports saloon body, 1934
Tourer 1935
Tourer 1935

Rover 12 (P2) (1937-1948)

An updated version appeared in 1937 with mainly styling changes but the chassis was stiffened and Girling rod brakes replaced the hydraulic ones that had been fitted to earlier cars. There were no more tourers pre war but around 200 were made in 1947 and 1948[4] with bodies by Tickford. The 1938 models had fixed bonnet sides and for 1939 synchromesh was added to the top two ratios on the gearbox. Disc wheels became an option to wire wheels in 1939 and standard on post war models.

11,786 were made pre war and 4840 after.[5]

This car, along with the smaller 10 hp and larger 14 and 16 hp models became known as the Rover P2.

The final cars were made in 1948 and there was no real replacements as subsequent models featured larger engines.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 Culshaw; Horrobin (1974). Complete Catalogue of British Cars. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-16689-2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Baldwin, N. (1994). A-Z of Cars of the 1920s. Devon, UK: Bay View Books. ISBN 1-870979-53-2.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sedgwick, M. (1989). A-Z of Cars of the 1930s. Devon, UK: Bay View Books. ISBN 1-870979-38-9.
  4. ↑ Robson, Graham (2006). A-Z British Cars 1945-1980. Devon, UK: Herridge & Sons. ISBN 0-9541063-9-3.
  5. ↑ Sedgwick, M.; Gillies. M (1986). A-Z of cars 1945-1970. UK: Bay View Books. ISBN 1-870979-39-7.
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