Roebuck class ship

The Argo as flagship at Gibraltar 1799
Class overview
Built: 1770-1784
Completed: 20
General characteristics
Type:Fifth-rate ship
Tons burthen:87926⁄94 (bm), (as designed)
Length:140 ft (43 m) (gundeck)
116 ft 4.375 in (35 m) (keel)
Beam:37 ft 9.5 in (12 m)
Depth of hold:16 ft 4 in (5 m)
Sail plan:Full-rigged ship
Complement:280 (300 from 1783)
Armament:Lower deck: 20 x 18-pounder guns
Upper deck: 22 × 9-pounder guns
(later upgraded to 12-pounder guns)
Quarterdeck: nil
Forecastle: 2 × 6-pounder guns

The Roebuck class ship was a class of twenty 44-gun sailing two-decker warships of the Royal Navy. The class carried two complete decks of guns, a lower battery of 18-pounders and an upper battery of 9-pounders. This battery enabled the vessel to deliver a broadside of 285 pounds. Most were constructed for service during the American Revolutionary War but continued to serve thereafter. By 1793 five were still on the active list. Ten were hospital ships, troopships or storeships. As troopships or storeships they had the guns on their lower deck removed. Many of the vessels in the class survived to take part in the Napoleonic Wars. In all, maritime incidents claimed five ships in the class and war claimed three.

Classification

The Royal Navy classed the Roebuck class as fifth rates like frigates but did not classify them as frigates. Although sea officers sometimes casually described them and other small two-deckers as frigates, the Admiralty officially never referred to them as frigates. By 1750, the Admiralty strictly defined frigates as ships of 28 guns or more, carrying all their main battery (24, 26 or even 28 guns) on the upper deck, with no guns or openings on the lower deck (which could thus be at sea level or even lower). A frigate might carry a few smaller guns - 3-pounders or 6-pounders, later 9-pounders - on their quarterdeck and (perhaps) on the forecastle. The Roebuck-class ships were two-deckers with complete batteries on both decks, and hence not frigates.

Design and construction

The Admiralty assigned the contract for Roebuck to Chatham Dockyard on 30 November 1769. Some seven years after the design was first produced, the Admiralty re-used it for a second batch of nineteen ships. The Admiralty ordered them to meet the particular requirements of the American War of Independence for vessels suitable for coastal warfare in the shallow seas off North America (where deeper two-deckers could not sail). The first five vessels of the class, and the later Guardian, had two rows of stern lights (windows), like larger two-deckers though actually there was just the single level of cabin behind. Most, if not all, of the other ships of the class - from Dolphin onwards - had a 'single level' frigate-type stern.[1]

Ships in class

PROTOTYPE

WARTIME BATCH

Battle between Continental Ship Bonhomme Richard and HMS Serapis, 23 September 1779, by Thomas Mitchell, 1780, US Naval Academy Museum
Cybèle and Prudente fighting Centurion and Diomede

.

Guardian hitting an iceberg in 1789

References

Citations
  1. ↑ Winfield, Rif (2007) British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714-1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates.
  2. ↑ Hepper (1994), pp.61-62.
  3. ↑ Hepper (1994), p.95.
  4. ↑ Hepper (194), p.66.
  5. ↑ Hepper (1994), p.74.
  6. ↑ Hepper (1994), p.78.
  7. ↑ Hepper (1994), p.87.
  8. ↑ Hepper (1994), pp.73-4.
Bibliography