Road signs in Ireland

Road signs in Ireland mostly differ from the traffic signs used elsewhere in Europe. Directional signage is similar to that of the United Kingdom, but is bilingual. Distances are in kilometres. Apart from directional signage, the basic prohibitory signs such as "no left turn" and "no right turn" are among the few standard signs used in Ireland. The most widespread signage, hazard or warning signs, employs the yellow diamond layout used in the United States, Canada, Australia and elsewhere, but nowhere else in Europe. The actual symbols used on these warning signs, however, often bear a closer resemblance to those used in the rest of Europe than to those seen in the US. On 20 January 2005, Ireland fully adopted metric speed limits.^[1] Around 35,000 existing signs were replaced and a further 23,000 new signs erected bearing the speed limit in kilometres per hour. To avoid confusion with the old signs, each speed limit sign now has "km/h" beneath the numerals.

Irish signs depict classical silhouetted persons.

Legal basis

Signage in Ireland is prescribed under the Traffic Signs Manual 2010 (TSM), issued by the Department of Transport.^[2] Published in late 2010 after a long period of review, this replaced at least one older edition, the Traffic Signs Manual 1996.

Older signs appear in secondary legislation (see the references section at the bottom), however much of the signage (particularly directional signage) used has never been legally prescribed for. The TSM itself is not a law. However, signage is meant to be based on the principles in it. It is partially based (particularly directional signage) on the United Kingdom Traffic Signs Manual,^[3] itself based on the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions.

Those road signs which are prescribed in law are prescribed under the Road Traffic (Signs) Regulations 1997-2004, the 1997 regulations being the main set ^[4] which repealed various traffic signs regulations dating back to 1964.

Directional signage

Typefaces and colours

Directional signage is fairly similar to the United Kingdom design. Place names are listed in Irish in mixed case, followed underneath by the English language equivalent place name in all capital letters. The Transport Heavy and Motorway typefaces are used, although the Irish language text uses a distinctive oblique variant, in which letters a are represented by script a (ɑ), and letters i are represented by dotless i (ı) in order to better differentiate from their accented form (However, sometimes normal letter i is used). Only the Irish place name is shown if the sign is in the Gaeltacht, or the official name in English is identical to the Irish name or nearly so (for example Dún Laoghaire or Port Laoise). Due to the need to signpost in both languages, usually a limited number of destinations will be signposted. If a destination can be reached by following a route which is a spur from that route, the destination and route number will be shown in brackets. Also, distances are shown in kilometres.

Motorway signs use white text on a blue background. Non-motorway national primary routes use white text on a green background, with the specific route number in yellow bold text. Regional and local county roads use black text on white background. Signs to points of interest (services, institutions, tourist sights) have white text on a brown background. Patching (according to the Guildford Rules) is used to show roads of different classification on signs. On all purpose roads, signs for roads whose only destination is a motorway should display the motorway symbol.

Types of sign available

A number of types of sign are available for use on all purpose roads. A properly signed junction will be signed in advance by advance directional signs, which can either be map type (which displays the junction as a pictogram) or stack type, in which the destinations are on separate panels. In Ireland, National Roads Authority (NRA) policy encourages stack type signs at normal intersections (such as T-junctions or crossroads), with map-type signs used mainly for roundabouts and for grade-separated junctions. However map-type signs are occasionally used at normal intersections where it is necessary to sign a restriction (such as a weight or height restriction). At the junction itself, either a flag sign - a sign with a triangular point at one end and a chevron - or (on rural roads) a fingerpost points the driver in the direction to be taken. After the junction, a route confirmation sign listing the route number and the primary destinations will be erected.

However, on rural roads, it is common for some or all of the above signage to be missing. Often junctions are signed with only a fingerpost.

Destination signing policy

One feature of road signage in Ireland, particularly along Dublin's quays, is that some national primary road signage directs drivers generically to destinations such as "The West" and "The South" and "The North". This system, inherited from the UK system, was banned under the 1996 TSM, which mandates the use of the terminal destination and next primary destination of the route instead, but signage was patched with specific destinations only in the early 2000s (decade). While this has been replaced with specific placenames in some cases, it remains in use in other areas. In summer 2006, signage for "North" and "South" was erected in Ashbourne at the start of the new N2 dual carriageway. Nevertheless, generally directional signage on major routes shows major or end destinations. Smaller towns and placenames are shown only on signage nearer to that location.

Motorway / high quality dual carriageway signage

Original design

The original design (1983–1989) of Irish motorway signage was a simpler version of the UK design. These signs were only ever in use on the M7 Naas Bypass and M1 Airport Motorway and only rare examples are still in situ.

From 1989-2005, signage on motorways was nearly identical to that on UK motorways (but see new motorway signage, below); although in Ireland, motorway junctions were not always numbered, or the number was not always signposted. The sign at the actual exit, which in the UK shows the road number to be reached, was replaced by a flag sign with the destination instead. On the M50, in the case of junctions with national routes, the initial advance direction sign was replaced with a list of destinations for that national route. The 1989 design of signs can still be seen on older sections of the M4 and M7.

2005-2007

In 2005, upon the opening of the South Eastern Motorway section of the M50, the National Roads Authority erected new style gantry signage. The new signage retained typical colours and fonts but differed from older side of road signage in that it used separate overhead panels for each lane, headed with the route number in each case as well as new half-gantry signs closer to the exit. The new signage was also erected on the N2 Finglas – Ashbourne scheme and N7 Clondalkin – Naas scheme. These were the first roads in Ireland where overhead gantry signage has been used as a matter of course, instead of just very major junctions. Drivers are given clear advanced warning 1 km ahead of an upcoming junction. A half gantry at the junction then directed them to their destination. The new style signage is visually clearer than older type signage with drivers able to read the gantry signage from a distance of approximately 300m on a straight stretch of road. Despite its significant advantages, the new gantry signage caused confusion because the downward arrows over the left traffic lanes seemed to indicate to drivers that they should pull out into the right lane if they wish to continue on the motorway or dual carriageway, breaking the keep left rule.

Current signing policy

In July 2007, some of the gantry signage on the M50 between Junctions 13–17 erected in 2005 was replaced with signage in a revised style, reverting to a single panel over the mainline. By March 2008 all the 2005 style gantries had been removed from the M50 (and were later removed from the N2 and N7). The one aspect of the 2005 scheme that was retained is the half-gantry (or cantilever) sign just before the exit, which has now also been extended to other roads. A second change introduced in 2007 is that the flag sign at the gore, which previously listed the primary destinations to be reached, now features the junction number and the word "Exit" instead. This revised scheme has been used on most motorway and high quality dual carriageway schemes since 2007. The "Next Exit" signs listing destinations, which were originally used only on the M50, are now extended to other motorways.

Thus the sequence of signage at a motorway junction in Ireland on motorways opened since 2007 (and older motorways which have been re-signed) is as follows:

- "Next Exit" sign at 2 km listing primary destinations to be reached by this exit. - 1 km - Advance directional sign (map type) or gantry in lieu - 500m - Advance directional sign (map type) or gantry in lieu - 100m - Cantilever sign - Gore - "Exit" sign with junction number - 500m following exit - route confirmation sign.

At the entrance to Irish motorways, a "Motorway Ahead" sign is posted, listing the motorway regulations. The motorway speed limit is similarly posted on the slip-road.

This new signage was formally adopted with the publication of the 2010 Traffic Signs Manual.

Future amendments under consideration

The Department of Transport asked NRA(National Roads Authority) to trial run newly designed directional road signs that would provide Irish language parity with English on Irish roads for the first time.

The new design, using the test Turas typeface and colour differentiationin order to highlight both languages, is based on recommendations outlined in a study commissioned by the Irish-language organisation Conradh na Gaeilge. Conducted by Royal Society of Arts fellow the study was aimed to discovering better means of providing information to drivers along with recognising equal status of Irish.

The existing system employs the British Transport typeface designed by graphic designers Jock Kinneir and Margaret Calvert to standardize signs on the UK road network in the 1960s.

Regulatory signs

Regulatory signs are mostly circular and mostly black on a white background, with a red border. If the sign contains a prohibition, a red line will diagonally bisect the sign. This type of road sign was introduced in 1956 with the Traffic Signs Regulations, 1956. Some signs were added later.

In Ireland, the "Give Way" sign, a downward pointing triangle, reads "Yield" (on signs erected prior to 1997: "Yield Right of Way" ) or, in Gaeltacht areas, "Géill Slí". A blank inverted triangle was provided for in legislation applicable between 1956 and 1961. The international octagonal "Stop" sign is also used.

Speed limit signs have the speed with the letters "km/h" underneath. 120 km/h is used for motorways and high quality dual carriageways e.g. N2, 100 km/h is used for national primary and national secondary roads and also part the R132 in County Louth. 80 km/h is used for regional and local roads. 60, 50 and 30 km/h are used in urban built up areas (see Road speed limits in Ireland). Due to the two speed limits possible on non-urban roads, there are no "end of speed limit" signs in Ireland (a white circle with black diagonal line as used in the UK) - the end of an urban speed restriction is signalled by the sign displaying the limit for the following section. 40 mph signs are still present at the main exit of Shannon Airport.

Although differing from the design originally laid down (see Regulatory Signs below), "Keep Left" and "Keep Right" signs are now mostly white on a blue background, on the British pattern. In order to avail themselves of standard designs from British suppliers, local authorities had made extensive use of the white-on-blue design, mostly because the electronically lit type of white-on-blue was more practical, in consequence of which legislation was enacted making both patterns legal. Under the Irish Power of One (energy conservation campaign) the electronic signs are being gradually replaced by reflective signs. The former "No Entry" sign, a prohibititon sign with an upward pointing arrow, was replaced with the international standard red disk in TSM 2010. However the older version, now termed "No Straight Ahead", may be used when combined with a time or other restriction.

Signage shown in the table below is not relative size in all cases. Images are based on sizes presented in different ages of legislation. Actual signage may be found in varying sizes, with the 1994 regulations finally setting three definitive sets of metric dimensions for each sign. Larger signs are used on motorways, dual-carriageways, major junctions, etc.

RUS 001 Keep Left	RUS 002 Keep Right	RUS 003 Pass Either Side	RUS 004 Keep Straight Ahead	RUS 005 Turn Right	RUS 006 Turn Left
RUS 007 Turn Left Ahead	RUS 008 Turn Right Ahead	RUS 009 Pedal Cycles Only	RUS 010 Clearway	RUS 011 No Straight Ahead	RUS 012 No Right Turn
RUS 013 No Left Turn	RUS 014 No Overtaking	RUS 016 Height Restriction	RUS 017 No U-Turn	RUS 018 Parking Permitted	RUS 019 No Parking
RUS 020 Taxi Stand	RUS 021 Pedestrianized Street	RUS 026 Yield	RUS 026 Géill Slí (Yield sign in Irish)	RUS 027 Stop	RUS 032 School Warden
RUS 038 No Pedestrians	RUS 039 Speed Limit (120 km/h)	RUS 040 Speed Limit (100 km/h)	RUS 041 Speed Limit (80 km/h)	RUS 042 Speed Limit (60 km/h)	RUS 043 Speed Limit (50 km/h)
RUS 044 Speed Limit (30 km/h)	RUS 046 Prohibited Number of Axles	RUS 049 Mini Roundabout	RUS 050 No Entry	RUS 052 Maximum Vehicle Width	RUS 053 Maximum Gross Weight
RUS 054 Maximum Axle Weight	RUS 055 No Cycles	RUS 056 No Ridden or Accompanied Horses	RUS 057 No Horse and Carts	RUS 058 Shared Route for Pedal Cycles and Pedestrians	RUS 062 No Vehicles Carrying Explosives

Warning signs

Warning signs are similar to the United States design, in that they are black on an amber (orangish yellow) background, and are diamond shaped. This type of road sign was introduced in 1956 with the Traffic Signs Regulations, 1956. Some signs were added later, and many types of signs, even common ones, do not appear in any statutes. Some types of sign in particular (for example, pedestrian/zebra crossing signage) are somewhat randomly designed, and differ between county/city boroughs.

The "low bridge" sign was the last road sign with an imperial measurement allowed to be erected in Ireland, and was only replaced with a metric only version with the publication of the 2010 TSM. Most examples of this sign in situ are still the dual imperial/metric version, with the imperial only version still in situ is some locations.

W 001 Crossroads	W 002L Side Road - Left	W 002R Side Road - Right	W 003L T-Junction (Type 1) - Left	W 003R T-Junction (Type 1) - Right
W 004L T-Junction (Type 2) - Left	W 004R T-Junction (Type 2) - Right	W 005L Y-Junction - Left	W 005R Y-Junction - Right	W 006L Crossroads at Sharp Corner - Left
W 006R Crossroads at Sharp Corner - Right	W 007LR Staggered Junctions - Left/Right	W 007RL Staggered Junctions - Right/Left	W 008L Two Junctions on Left	W 008L Two Junctions on Right
W 012L Side Road on Dual C'way - Left (With CR Break)	W 012R Side Road on Dual C'way - Right (With CR Break)	W 013 Side Road on Dual C'way - (No CR Break)	W 014 Crossroads on Dual C'way	W 015 Crossroads (Major Road Ahead)
W 016 T Junction (Major Road Ahead)	W 017L Staggered Crossroads Ahead - Left	W 017R Staggered Crossroads Ahead - Right	W 018L Junction With Major Road at Sharp Corner - Left	W 018R Junction With Major Road at Sharp Corner - Right
W 019 Crossroads Ahead at Dual C'way	W 020 T Junction Ahead at Dual C'way (With CR Break)	W 021L Staggered Crossroads Ahead at Dual C'way - Left	W 021R Staggered Crossroads Ahead at Dual C'way - Right	W 022 T Junction Ahead at Dual C'way (No CR Break)
W 030 Merging Traffic From Left	W 031 Merging With Traffic From Right	W 032 Merging and Diverging Traffic	W 040 Stop Ahead	W 041 Yield Ahead
W 042 Traffic Signals	W 043 Roundabout Ahead	W 044 Mini Roundabout Ahead	W 050L Sharp Corner - Left	W 050R Sharp Corner - Right
W 061L Single Chevron - Left	W 061R Single Chevron - Right	W 062L Multiple Chevrons (Two) - Left	W 062R Multiple Chevrons (Two) - Right	W 063L Multiple Chevrons (Three) - Left
W 063R Multiple Chevrons (Three) - Right	W 070L Road Narrows on Left	W 070R Road Narrows on Right	W 071 Road Narrows on Both Sides	W 080 Two-way Traffic
W 081 Two-way Traffic Crossing	W 101 One-Lane Section	W 102 Two-Lane Section	W 110 Restricted Headroom	W 113 Maximum Vehicle Width
W 115 Maximum Gross Weight	W 116 Maximum Axle Weight	W 117 Prohibited Number of Axles	W 120 Level Crossing With Flashing Red Signals	W 121 Level Crossing With No Flashing Red Signals
W 124 Tram Crossing	W 140 Pedestrian	W 141 School Ahead	W 143 Cyclists	W 144 Slippery for Cyclists
W 150 Accompanied Horses	W 151 Cattle or Farm Animals	W 152 Sheep	W 153 Deer or Wild Animals	W 160 Unprotected Water
W 162 Tunnel	W 164 Falling Rocks	W 165 Low-flying Aircraft	W 166 Crosswind	W 167 Opening Bridge
W 168 Tractors	W 169 Drive on Left	W 170 Other Hazard

Roadwork signs

Road works hazard signs are reddish orange.

WK 001 Roadworks

Obsolete signage

Earlier directional signage

The former "fingerpost" style of Irish directional signage can still be seen in many areas of rural Ireland. These signs differ from their modern day equivalent as they have black raised text on a white background. Destinations are in all caps (the placename in Irish was on top and in a smaller font than the one in English). Sometimes, the former route number ("T" for trunk road, "L" for link road) can be seen, and the former Bord Failte logo can be seen on some (they had responsibility for signage for a time), as well as occasionally a harp. Distances on these signs are in miles.

This style of signage has become a common feature of many tourist images of Ireland and can be seen in some Irish pubs. However, they can be easily rotated, and have been done so on occasion and therefore are not completely reliable. While most examples of these signs still in situ are rural finger-posts, the advance directional sign of this era can still very occasionally be seen: this has a grey background, with the destinations in outlined, white-background boxes linked together with black lines, and the text is not raised on these, unlike on fingerposts. These signs, rare even when the system was in use, can be seen in some areas of Dún Laoghaire and Drogheda. These signs were prescribed under various regulations, with the final design prescribed under the Road Traffic Signs (Regulations) 1962.^[5]

Despite the new signage style being introduced in 1977, the design change was never legislated for (apart from a reference to the change to italics in 1989) and the old designs were repealed only under the 1997 regulations, 20 years later.

The first generation of the current signage system, introduced in 1977, can also be seen in on some national roads (and also on the oldest stretch of the M1). This is similar to the current system, but the signs are simpler, a different shade of green is used, and the Irish place names are not in italics. These signs were directly based on the Worboys Committee designs which had been adopted in the UK in 1965. These signs were replaced by the current system on 1 January 1989.^[6] The design of signs has continued to evolve with the introduction of patching under the Guildford Rules in 1994 and the introduction of cantilever directional signs in 2005, as well as the expansion in gantry signage since then.

The Irish "Yield" sign formerly read "Yield Right of Way", and many of this older variant can still be seen around the country.

Earlier warning signs

Before adoption of the 1956 traffic signs regulations, warning signs accorded to a standard laid out in the 1926 "Road Signs and Traffic Signals Regulations" (see References, below). These signs, unlikely to exist in situ anywhere in Ireland nowadays, were similar to signs used in the United Kingdom at that time.

The signs were cast-iron plates, with raised type painted black on white. A square pictogram illustrated the hazard, and the type of hazard was written in both Irish, with traditional typeface, and English. A hollow red triangle normally surmounted the pole to which the sign was attached.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diagrams of road signs of Ireland.

• Roads in Ireland
• Motorways in the Republic of Ireland
• National primary road
• National secondary road
• Regional road
• Local Roads in Ireland
• Atlantic Corridor
• Dublin Port Tunnel
• Jack Lynch Tunnel
• History of Roads in Ireland
• Trunk Roads in Ireland
• National Roads Authority
• Road speed limits in the Republic of Ireland
• Vehicle registration plates of Ireland
• Northern Irish Vehicle Registration Plates
• Transport in Ireland
• List of Ireland-related topics

References

• Traffic Signs Manual 1996.
• S.I. No. 181/1997: ROAD TRAFFIC (SIGNS) REGULATIONS, 1997
• S.I. No. 329/1979: ROAD TRAFFIC (SIGNS) (AMENDMENT) (NO. 2) REGULATIONS, 1979
• S.I. No. 256/1971: ROAD TRAFFIC (SIGNS) (AMENDMENT) (No. 3) REGULATIONS, 1971
• S.I. No. 233/1966: ROAD TRAFFIC (SIGNS) (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS, 1966
• S.I. No. 56/1964: ROAD TRAFFIC (SIGNS) (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS, 1964
• S.I. No. 171/1962: ROAD TRAFFIC (SIGNS) REGULATIONS, 1962
• S.I. No. 67/1961: TRAFFIC SIGNS (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS, 1961
• S.I. No. 284/1956: TRAFFIC SIGNS REGULATIONS, 1956
• S.I. No. 55/1926: ROAD SIGNS AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS REGULATIONS, 1926

External links

• A copy of the "Transport" font is available here, free of charge.

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