River Afan

For the Welsh saint, see Saint Afan.
River Afan (Afon Afan)
River
The river near to its source at Cymmer.
Country Wales
Tributaries
 - left Afon Gwynfi
 - right Afon Corrwg, Afon Pelenna
Cities Cymmer, Cwmafan, Aberavon
Source
 - location Cymer

The River Afan (generally anglicized as Avon, and sometimes historically as Avan) is a river in southwest Wales whose river valley formed the territory of the medieval Lords of Afan. The Afan Valley encompasses the upper reaches of the river. The valley is traversed by the A4107 Afan Valley Road. Settlements in the area include Cwmafan, Pwll-y-glaw and Cymmer. The town of Aberavon grew up on the banks of the river, and was later subsumed by the larger centre of population known as Port Talbot. The political constituency still retains the name Aberavon (aber meaning mouth of a river).

Etymology

The river's name is old and there is no definite agreement on its origin. One suggestion is that it is from "A-Ban" meaning "from the heights" due to its comparatively quick descent from hills to the sea. (Compare to the 'Ban' in "Bannau Brycheiniog", the Brecon Beacons). [1]

Course

The river Afan begins its journey at the village of Cymmer (meaning confluence) where the rivers Corrwg and Gwynfi join. The river runs in a more or less south-westerly direction parallel to the River Neath with which it shares its western watershed. It converges with the Afon Pelenna at Pontrhydyfen. From here it turns southward towards Port Talbot. To aid the construction of the docks at Port Talbot, the river was diverted away slightly. Before it reaches the sea, the river drops over a 12-foot high vertical weir called the Slaughterhouse Falls. The River passes the Afan Argoed Country Park in its middle reaches. A motte and bailey castle stood on the banks of the river as it passed through Aberavon during the medieval period. No remains are now visible above ground, but the site of the castle is commemorated in local street names.

Geography

The river is about 11 miles long. In the east it borders the River Kenfig and then the River Llynfi, a tributary of the River Ogmore. The river Gwynfi, one of the tributaries that form the river, shares a watershed with the Rhondda Fawr, a tributary of the River Taff.

Wind farm on the hills above Afan Valley

Industrial past

For much of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the River Afan was severely polluted by the coal and iron industry. With the decline in the coal mining industry, the quality of the river improved in the 1960s and 1970s so that some salmon and sea-trout started to return to the river to spawn. A number of weirs on the river had to be made passable to allow fish to ascend the river. This required the creation of fish passes on some weirs such as on the Dock feeder weir and the demolition of others such as at Corlannau weir.

Tributaries

Afon Corrwg

The river Corrwg is one of the two rivers to form the Afan. Its length is approximately 7 miles, and its source lies in the hills south of Glyn-neath. It has one major tributary called the Afon Corrwg Fechan, as well as other numerous streams. The river is known for the numerous waterfalls along its length. Although the water is clear today, discharge from the many collieries along its lower reaches led to noticeable pollution. Minor discharge sometimes leaks from the Glyncorrwg colliery, although its effects do not have a noticeably detrimental effect on the river.

Afon Gwynfi

The Afon Gwynfi joins the Corrwg at Cymer. It is 5 miles long, and starts at Blaengwynfi, where two small rivers join. Its source is only a couple of miles away from that of the rivers Rhondda and Ogmore. Strangely, there seems to be some confusion between the Gwynfi and the Afan itself; one of the two streams that form the river is named the Nant Gwynfi, while the other appears not to have a name, but is labelled on the Ordnance Survey map of the area as "River Afan" (as is the entire length of the Gwynfi). This is likely a mistake, but the spring from which this river comes is called Blwch-yr-Afan, meaning "Source of the Afan River". The river is slightly alkaline due to continuing, albeit minor, pollution discharge from the Corrwg Rhondda and Glyncorrwg collieries.

River Pelenna

A major tributary, the River Pelenna,which meets the Afan at Pontrhydyfen, suffered more severely from pollution than the main river because of the sulphur-rich coal produced by the mines in that area. As a result, the abandoned coal mines continued to discharge acid mine drainage rich in iron and highly acidic. This turned much of the river orange down to the confluence of the Pelena with the main river Afan. The Orange colour could often be seen as far down stream as Pontrhydyfen. There were a number of collieries contributing to the pollution although the major source was the Whitworth Colliery.[2] At the height of coal extraction in the valley, there were several deep pits and numerous levels. This pollution is now much mitigated[3] following extensive work promoted by the Environment Agency in the creation of engineered reed beds to treat the mine drainage.

Nant Ffrwdwyllt

With a length of just under 5 miles, this was a small tributary of the Afan shortly before it entered the sea. The Nant Ffrwdwyllt was diverted in the 18th century into the ironworks at what was to become Port Talbot to provide a source of water. It remains diverted flowing into the Port Talbot Docks.

References

  1. ↑ Place Names of the Afan Valley A.B.Jones 1988
  2. ↑ LIST OF MINES in Great Britain and the Isle of Man, 1908 (retrieved 23 April 2009)
  3. ↑ TI: Proceedings of CIWEM Conference on 'Minewater Treatment Using Wetlands SO: Water and Environment Journal VL: 12 NO: 1 PG: 68-69 YR: 1998 ON: 1747-6593 PN: 1747-6585 doi:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00150.x US: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00150.x

External links

Coordinates: 51°37′59″N 3°44′02″W / 51.63294°N 3.73398°W