Richard Buck (chaplain)

This article is about Richard Buck, Colonial Virginia minister. For the modern British sprinter, see Richard Buck.
Richard Buck
Born 1582
Wymondham, Norfolk, England
Died 1624 (age 41 or 42)
Jamestown, Virginia
Nationality English
Occupation Minister
Known for Chaplain at first session
of Virginia General Assembly

Reverend Richard Buck was a minister to the Colony of Virginia at Jamestown, Virginia from 1610 to 1624.[1] He was chaplain of the first session of the Virginia General Assembly, which was composed of the House of Burgesses and the Virginia Governor's Council. This assembly met in the church at Jamestown on July 30, 1619, as the first elected assembly and law making body in colonial America.

Early life

Richard Buck was born in 1582 in Wymondham, Norfolk, England.[2] Buck was a graduate of Oxford University.[2][3][4][5]

Recruitment and journey

Buck was recruited to serve as minister to the Colony of Virginia at Jamestown after the colony's first minister, Reverend Robert Hunt, died in 1608.[6] Dr. Thomas Ravis, the Bishop of London, had recommended Buck for the appointment.[4]

Buck, his wife[7] and their two daughters sailed for Jamestown in 1609 with the colony's new governor, Sir Thomas Gates aboard the Sea Venture.[6][8] The Sea Venture was wrecked in a storm at Bermuda and the passengers and crew did not arrive at Jamestown until May 23, 1610, nine months after the other ships of the Third Supply.[3][6][8] While in Bermuda, Buck baptized the newborn daughter of John Rolfe and his first wife, Sarah Hacker.[9] The child, named Bermuda died afterwards.[9][10] Sarah died before Rolfe arrived in Virginia.[10]

Arrival and Resupply

When Gates and the other colonists from the Sea Venture arrived at Jamestown, they found only 60 of the previous 500 colonists still alive after the harsh winter of 1609-1610 which became known as the "Starving Time."[11][12] Buck led the colonists in a "zealous and sorrowful prayer," which commemorated those who were deceased.[13][14] Reverend Buck immediately gained the respect and affection of the colonists as his prayer reminded them of their esteemed first preacher, Robert Hunt.[6] John Rolfe praised Buck as a "veerie good preacher."[6]

In the following month, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr arrived at Jamestown with supplies and new colonists and assumed the office of governor on June 10, 1610.[15] He was just in time to persuade the original settlers, who were nearly out of food and supplies and had boarded their ships to leave, not to return to England.[15] West's first act was to kneel and say a silent prayer upon his arrival.[15][16] Then he went to the chapel to hear a sermon from Reverend Buck.[15][16]

Life at Jamestown

Buck's duties included leading prayers twice a day and preaching on Thursday and Sunday.[6] He officiated at religious and public events.[6] Some sources state that Buck presided at the wedding of John Rolfe and Pocahontas on April 5, 1614.[17][18] Others say that Alexander Whitaker, a preacher who settled at Henricus presided at the wedding of Rolfe and Pocahontas.[19]

The Virginia Company set aside 100 acres of land for glebe lands but the Bucks lived near the church in the Jamestown fort.[6] In 1619, Buck acquired 750 acres of land in the "Neck-of-Land", which was separated from the north side of Jamestown Island by water.[6] The location adjacent to Jamestown was an obvious area for expansion of the colony since it was close to the fort.[6] Buck had indentured servants develop the land.[6] These servants included caretaker Richard Kingsmill (sometimes spelled Kingsmell), who later became a large property owner.[6][20] In 1620, William Fairfax sold 12 acres in Jamestown, including a home and an outbuilding, to Buck.[6]

First Virginia General Assembly

Reverend Buck opened the first session of the Virginia General Assembly, which convened in the church at Jamestown on July 30, 1619.[3][6][21] He prayed "that it would please God to guide and sanctifie all our proceedings to his owne glory and the good of this Plantation."[3][6][21][22]

Death and survivors

Richard Buck died at Jamestown in 1624.[6][23] According to historians Frank E. Gizzard and Dennis Boyd Smith, Buck's wife died within a few months.[6] Lyon Gardiner Tyler wrote that Bucks's widow (Bridget) married first John Burrows of "Burrows Hill" and then John Bromfield.[3]

Grizzard and Boyd say that Buck had six children who survived to adulthood.[6] Tyler says Buck had four, probably five, children: Mara, Benoni, Gershom (Gercian), Peleg and Elizabeth, who became the wife of Sergeant Thomas Crump (or Crampe), later a member of the House of Burgesses.[3][6][24]

Benoni Buck was the first mentally handicapped person in the colony.[6] He probably had Down's syndrome.[6] Records describe him as an "idiot."[6][25][26] Mara also was described as "very dull."[6]

Notes

  1. ↑ Some sources shown below, such as Chandler, 1907, p. 195, state that Buck died in 1623.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Grizzard, Frank E. and Dennis Boyd Smith. Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social and Cultural History. Santa Barbara, CA : ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85109-637-4. p. 32.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, ed. Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Volume 1. New York, Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1915. OCLC 229136302. Retrieved May 5, 2013. p. 198.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Campbell, Charles. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Company, 1860. OCLC 2109795. p. 95.
  5. ↑ Some of the sources such as Grizzard and Tyler state that Buck also studied at Cambridge University's Caius. Alexander Whitaker, a minister at Henricus (Henrico) in the Virginia colony from 1611 to 1616/1617, was the son of a Cambridge professor of divinity and a graduate of Cambridge. Campbell, 1860, pp. 106–107.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 Grizzard, 2007, p. 33.
  7. ↑ Tyler, Lyon Gardiner. The Cradle of the Republic: Jamestown and James River. Richmond, VA: Whittet and Shepperson, 1900. OCLC 123194400. p. 88 gives his wife's name as Bridget.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Chandler, Julian Alvin Carroll and Thomas Butler Thames. Colonial Virginia. Richmond, VA: The Times-Dispatch Company, 1907. OCLC 554689. p. 194.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Tyler, 1900. p. 87.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Tyler, 1900. p. 75.
  11. ↑ Bryan, Corbin Braxton. The Church at Jamestown in Clark, W. M., ed. Colonial Churches in the Original Colony of Virginia. 2d. ed. Richmond, VA: Southern Churchman Company, 1908. OCLC 1397138. Retrieved May 5, 2013. p. 20.
  12. ↑ Beverley, Robert. The History of Virginia in Four Parts. Richmond, VA: J. W. Randolph, 1855. OCLC 5837141. 2d revised edition originally published London: 1722. p. 26.
  13. ↑ Campbell, 1860 p. 97.
  14. ↑ Neill, Edward D. History of the Virginia Company of London. Albany, NY: Joel Munsell, 1869. OCLC 28459826. p. 33.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Campbell, 1860. p. 98.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Neill, 1869, p. 42.
  17. ↑ Fischer, David H. Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1989. ISBN 978-0-19-503794-4. p. 233.
  18. ↑ Some sources, such as Tyler, 1900, p. 76, state the year was 1614.
  19. ↑ Campbell, 1869, p. 109.
  20. ↑ Hatch, Charles E. The First Seventeen Years Virginia, 1607-1624. Williamsburg, VA: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corp., 1957. OCLC 965922. p. 109.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Bryan, 1908, p. 22. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  22. ↑ Glover, Lorri and Daniel Blake Smith. The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC: 2008. ISBN 978-0-8050-9025-3. Retrieved May 5, 2013. pp. 261–262.
  23. ↑ Chandler, 1907, p. 195, gives the year of Buck's death as 1623. This difference could be due to the use of the old calendar.
  24. ↑ Elizabeth may have been the offspring of an earlier marriage. A sixth child may have been named Sarah.
  25. ↑ Tyler, 1900. p. 137.
  26. ↑ Neill, 1869, p. 111.

References