Richard Bentall

Richard Bentall
Born 30 September 1956
Sheffield, United Kingdom
Nationality British
Fields clinical psychology
Institutions National Health Service, Bangor University, University of Manchester, University of Liverpool
Alma mater University College of North Wales (Bangor), University of Liverpool, University of Wales, Swansea
Known for Researching schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Notable awards British Academy Fellow, May Davidson Award

Richard Bentall (born 30 September 1956) is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Liverpool in the UK.[1]

Career

Richard Bentall was born in Sheffield in the United Kingdom. After an unpromising school career at Uppingham School in Rutland and then High Storrs School in his home town, he attended the University College of North Wales, Bangor as an undergraduate before registering for a PhD in Experimental Psychology at the same institution. After being awarded his doctorate, he moved to the University of Liverpool to undertake professional training as a clinical psychologist. He later returned to his alma mater of Liverpool to work as a lecturer, after a brief stint working for the National Health Service as a forensic clinical psychologist. Later, he studied for an MA in Philosophy Applied to Healthcare from the University of Wales, Swansea. He was eventually promoted to Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Liverpool. In 1999, he accepted a position at the University of Manchester, collaborating with researchers based there who were working in understanding the psychology and treatment of psychotic experiences.[2] After returning in 2007 to a professorial position at Bangor University, where he retains an honorary professorship, he returned to the University of Liverpool in 2011. At Liverpool he is building a research group which focuses on the psychological mechanisms of severe mental illness and social factors that affect these mechanisms,[1] which has led to a recent interest in public mental health. In 1989, he received the British Psychological Society's Division of Clinical Psychology 'May Davidson Award', an annual award for outstanding contributions to the field of clinical psychology, in the first ten years after qualifying.[3] In 2014 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.[4]

Research

He has previously published research on differences between human and animal operant conditioning and on the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. However, he is best known for his work in psychosis, especially the psychological processes responsible for delusions and hallucinations and has published extensively in these areas.[5] His research on persecutory (paranoid) delusions has explored the idea that these arise from dysfunctional attempts to regulate self-esteem, so that the paranoid patient attributes negative experiences to the deliberate actions of other people. His research on hallucinations has identified a failure of source monitoring (the process by which events are attributed to either the self or external sources) as responsible for hallucinating patients' inability to recognise that their inner speech (verbal thought) belongs to themselves. Along with many other British researchers, he has used these discoveries to inform the development of new psychological interventions for psychosis, based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This work has included randomised controlled trials of CBT for first episode patients and patients experiencing an at risk mental state for psychosis.

In a 1992 thought experiment, Bentall proposed that happiness might be classified as a psychiatric disorder.[6] The purpose of the paper was to demonstrate the impossibility of defining psychiatric disorder without reference to values. The paper was mentioned on the satirical television program Have I Got News for You and quoted by the novelist Philip Roth in his novel Sabbath's Theater.

He has edited and written several books, most notably Madness Explained, which was winner of the British Psychological Society Book Award in 2004. In this book, he advocates a psychological approach to the psychoses, rejects the concept of schizophrenia and considers symptoms worthwhile investigating in contrast to the Kraepelinian syndromes. (Refuting Kraepelin's big idea that serious mental illness can be divided into discrete types is the starting chapter of the book.) A review by Paul Broks in The Sunday Times summarised its position as: "Like Szasz, Bentall is firmly opposed to the biomedical model, but he also takes issue with extreme social relativists who would deny the reality of madness." In the book, Bentall also argues that no clear distinction exists between those diagnosed with mental illnesses and the "well". While this notion is more widely accepted in psychiatry when it comes to anxiety and depression, Bentall insists that schizotypal experiences are also common.[7]

His latest book is titled Doctoring The Mind: Is Our Current Treatment Of Mental Illness Really Any Good? A review of this book by neuro-scientist Roy Sugarman found that it allied itself with the anti-psychiatry movement in its critiques of biological psychiatry.[8] The review in PsycCRITIQUES was more nuanced, pointing out that Bentall did not reject psycho-pharmacology, but that he was concerned over its overuse.[9]

In 2010, Bentall and John Read co-authored a literature review on "The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy" (ECT). It examined placebo-controlled studies and concluded ECT had minimal benefits for people with depression and schizophrenia.[10] The authors said "given the strong evidence of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified".[11]

In 2012, Bentall and collaborators in Maastricht published a meta-analysis of the research literature on childhood trauma and psychosis, considering epidemiological, case-control, and prospective studies.[12] This study found that the evidence that childhood trauma confers a risk of adult psychosis is highly consistent, with children who have experienced trauma (sexual abuse, physical abuse, loss of a parent or bullying) being approximately three times more likely to become psychotic than non-traumatised children; there was a dose-response effect (the most severely traumatised children were even more likely to become psychotic) suggesting that the effect is causal. This finding, and other findings suggesting that there are many social risk factors for severe mental illness, has led to Bentall's current interest in public mental health.

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Richard Bentall, Prof". University of Liverpool. Institute of Psychology Health and Society. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  2. ↑ Richard P. Bentall (2013). "Keynote Address: The Psychology of Paranoid Delusions" (PDF). ISPS.
  3. ↑ "British Psychologist Society list of May Davidson Award previous winners". Retrieved 8 January 2009.
  4. ↑ "British Academy announces 42 new fellows". Times Higher Education. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  5. ↑ "list of publications from Bangor staff profile". Retrieved 8 January 2009.
  6. ↑ Bentall, RP (1992). "A proposal to classify happiness as a psychiatric disorder.". Journal of Medical Ethics 18 (2): 94–8. doi:10.1136/jme.18.2.94. PMC 1376114. PMID 1619629.
  7. ↑ Broaks, Paul (27 July 2003). "Review: Psychiatry: Madness Explained by Richard P Bentall". The Sunday Times.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sugarma, Roy (25 August 2009). "Review – Doctoring the Mind Is Our Current Treatment of Mental Illness Really Any Good?". Matapsychology: Online Reviews 13 (35).
  9. ↑ Bohart, Arthur (17 February 2010). "Understanding and Treating Madness: Biology or Relationships?" (PDF). PsycCRITIQUES 55 (7). Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  10. ↑ Baker, Richard; McKenzie, Nick (6 September 2011). "Mental health care inquiry". The Age.
  11. ↑ Read, J; Bentall, R (Oct–Dec 2010). "The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy: a literature review." (PDF). Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale 19 (4): 333–47. doi:10.1017/S1121189X00000671. PMID 21322506.
  12. ↑ Varese, F; Smeets, F; Drukker, M; Lieverse, R; Lataster, T; Viechtbauer, W; Read, J; van Os, J; Bentall, RP (29 March 2012). "Childhood Adversities Increase the Risk of Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Patient-Control, Prospective- and Cross-sectional Cohort Studies". Schizophrenia Bulletin 38 (4): 661–671. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs050. PMC 3406538. PMID 22461484.

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