Rhabdophis tigrinus
| Rhabdophis tigrinus | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Natricinae |
| Genus: | Rhabdophis |
| Species: | R. tigrinus |
| Binomial name | |
| Rhabdophis tigrinus (F. Boie, 1826) | |
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| Range of R. tigrinus | |
| Synonyms | |
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- Common names: tiger keelback.,[1] yamakagashi (Japan), Floral snake (Korea)
Rhabdophis tigrinus is a venomous colubrid snake found in East and Southeast Asia. Many sources, though not ITIS,[2] recognize one subspecies, Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus of Taiwan.[1][3]
Description
The dorsal color pattern is olive-drab green with black and bright orange crossbars or spots from the neck down the first third of the body. The belly is whitish. The average length is usually 60–100 cm (24-39 inches).[4]
Geographic range
Found in eastern Russia (Primorskiy and Khabarovsk), North and South Korea, China (widespread, except in the western third and the extreme south; Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia), on the island of Taiwan, in Vietnam and in Japan (Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kyūshū, Shikoku, Honshu and in the Ryukyu Islands). The type locality given is "Japan".[1]
Feeding & Defense
The diet consists mainly of small vertebrates, especially frogs and toads. These snakes forage using both chemical (smell/tongue) and visual cues to find their prey.[5]
When these snakes are challenged at cooler temperatures they tend to demonstrate passive anti-predator responses such as flattening their neck and body and lying still while at higher temperatures they more frequently flee instead. This species has two nuchal glands in their neck that sequester steroid irritants obtained from eating toads as a predation defence. This snake thus appears to rely more heavily on the deterrence provided by these glands at low ambient temperatures.[6][7] Although venomous, few deaths have been recorded due to its tendency to display one of these other behaviors as opposed to striking. This hesitancy to strike at a predator in turn may be because its fangs are located in the back of the mouth making a successful strike on a large object difficult.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rhabdophis tigrinus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- ↑ "Rhabdophis tigrinus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
- ↑ Hans Breuer & William Christopher Murphy (2009–2010). "Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus". Snakes of Taiwan. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis at Animal Pictures Archive. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- ↑ Tanaka K. (2002). "Foraging behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in a gutter with a dense aggregation of tadpoles". Current Herpetology 21 (1): 1–8. doi:10.5358/hsj.21.1.
- ↑ Mori, A.; Burghardt, G. M. (2001). "Temperature effects on anti-predator behaviour in Rhabdophis tigrinus, a snake with toxic nuchal glands". Ethology 107 (9): 795–811. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00706.x.
- ↑ Hutchinson, D. A.; Mori, A.; Savitzky, A. H.; Burghardt, G. M.; Wu, X.; Meinwald, J.; Schroeder, F. C. (2007). "Dietary sequestration of defensive steroids in nuchal glands of the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (7): 2265–2270. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610785104.
- ↑ Sawai, Y.; Honma, M.; Kawamura, Y.; Saki, A.; Hatsuse, M. (2002). "Rhabdophis tigrinus in Japan: Pathogenesis of envenomation and production of antivenom". Toxin Reviews 21: 181–201. doi:10.1081/TXR-120004746.
Further reading
- Tanaka K. 2002. Foraging behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in a gutter with a dense aggregation of tadpoles. Curr. Herpetol. 21(1): 1-8.
External links
- Yamakagashi at the Encyclopedia of Japanese Reptiles. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- "Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus". Snakes of Taiwan.
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