Republic of Užice

Monument to fallen partisans in battle on Kadinjača Hill.

The Republic of Užice (often written with quotes "Republic of Užice"; Serbo-Croatian: Užička Republika/Ужичка република) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia^{[Note 1]}. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.

Borders

The Republic of Užice comprised a large portion of western part of the occupied territory and had a population of more than 300,000 (according to another source, nearly one million ^[3]). It was located between the Valjevo–Bajina Bašta line in the north, the river Drina on the west, the river Zapadna Morava in the east, and the Raška region to the south.

Different sources provide differing information about the size of the republic: according to some sources, it included 15,000^[3] or 20,000^[4] square kilometres. According to the Yugoslav history atlas for schools published in 1975, the republic included not only western parts of modern-day Serbia, but also eastern parts of the Independent State of Croatia and much of Montenegro.^[5]

History

The government was made of "people's councils" (odbori), and the Communists opened schools and published a newspaper, Borba (meaning "Struggle"). They even managed to run a postal system and around 145 km of railway and operated an ammunition factory from the vaults beneath the bank in Užice.^[6]

In November 1941, in the First anti-Partisan offensive, the German troops occupied this territory again, while the majority of Partisan forces escaped towards Bosnia, Sandžak and Montenegro, re-grouping at Foča in Bosnia.

End

The leftist policy then pursued by Josip Broz Tito substantially contributed to the Partisan defeat in the Republic of Užice.^[7] Because of the repression of the communists and their intention to carry on with communist revolution the population of Serbia also turned against the uprising and communist insurgents. At the beginning of December 1941^[8] the communists moved from Serbia to Bosnia (nominally NDH) and joined their comrades who had already left Montenegro.^[9]

Film

The 1974 Yugoslav partisan feature film The Republic of Užice covers the events surrounding the existence of the Republic of Užice.

See also

• Republic of Bihać
• Former countries in Europe after 1815
• Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
• Yugoslav Partisans

References

Notes

Footnotes

1. ↑ Hehn (1971), pp. 344-373
2. ↑ Pavlowitch (2002), p. 141
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1
4. ↑
5. ↑ (ed.), Povijesni atlas za osnovnu školu, Kartografija - Tlos - Zagreb, Zagreb, 1975.
6. ↑ Misha Glenny, The Balkans, 1999, p. 487
7. ↑ Banac 1988, p. 81.
8. ↑ Jelić, Ivan; Strugar, Novak (1985). War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. Socialist Thought and Practice. p. 122. Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia and the leaderships of the national liberation movement withdrew from Serbia early in December 1941, 
9. ↑ Pavlowitch 2002, p. 147: "When repression burst the bubble of optimism, the popular mood in Serbia also turned against the insurgency and those who wanted to carry on with revolution... The partisan crossed into nominally NDH territory, where they joined up with their comrades who had left Montenegro. "

Bibliography

• Banac, Ivo (1988). With Stalin Against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2186-1. 
• Hehn, Paul N. (1971). "Serbia, Croatia and Germany 1941-1945: Civil War and Revolution in the Balkans". Canadian Slavonic Papers (University of Alberta) 13 (4): 344–373. Retrieved 8 April 2012. 
• Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2002). Serbia: the History behind the Name. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-476-6. 
• Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2002). Serbia: The History Behind the Name. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85065-477-3. 

Further reading

• Venceslav Glišić, Užička republika, Belgrade, 1986.
• Jovan Radovanović, 67 dana Užičke republike (67 дана Ужичке републике), Belgrade, 1972. (1st edition, 1961.)
• Boško N. Kostić, Za istoriju naših dana, Lille, France, 1949.

External links

• Modern Serbia - Revolution and the antifascist struggle at Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Opština Užice
• Western Serbia