René II, Duke of Lorraine
| René II, Duke of Lorraine | |
|---|---|
 René II of Lorraine | |
| Spouse(s) | Phillipa of Guelders |
| Noble family | House of Vaudémont |
| Father | Frederick II of Vaudémont |
| Mother | Yolande of Lorraine |
| Born |
2 May 1451 Angers |
| Died |
10 December 1508 (aged 57) Fains |
René II (2 May 1451 – 10 December 1508) was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508. He succeeded his uncle John of Vaudémont as Count of Harcourt in 1473, exchanging it for the county of Aumale in 1495. He succeeded as Count of Guise in 1504.
Life
He was born in Angers, the son of Yolande of Lorraine and Frederick, Count of Vaudémont.
René spent his youth in the court of his grandfather René I of Anjou between Angers and Provence, succeeding to his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, to his uncle as captain of Angers, senechal and governor of Anjou. In the same year he became Duke of Lorraine, which was at the time under the pressure of both Louis XI of France and Charles the Bold of Burgundy, with whom he initially allied. When the latter began to establish garrisons in Lorraine, however, René secretly allied with Louis (1474). Charles invaded the duchy and René was forced to quit Nancy (30 November 1475). He regained the city on 5 October the following year and moved to Switzerland to hire an army of Swiss mercenaries. With this force René defeated and killed Charles at the Battle of Nancy (5 January 1477), ending the Burgundian Wars. In 1476, upon the death of his grandmother, he became sole Count of Harcourt and Baron of Elbeuf.
Later, René got to bad terms with Louis, who had taken most of his heritage. He moved to Italy and defeated the Duke of Ferrara in the Battle of Adria as an ally of the Republic of Venice.
In 1480 René succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Bar while his mother was still living. In 1482 he conquered the prévôté of Virton, a part of the Duchy of Luxembourg, and annexed it to Bar. In 1484 Peter II, Duke of Bourbon, regent for the young King Charles VIII of France, formally installed him in the Duchy of Bar.[1] When his mother Yolande died in 1483, he succeeded her in her claims to the kingdoms of Naples and Jerusalem.
In 1485 René took part in the first phase of the so-called "Mad War", but prudentially retired after a while. In 1488 the Neapolitans offered him the crown of the Kingdom of Naples, and René set an expedition to gain possession of the realm; he was however halted by the new French king, Charles VIII, who intended to claim the realm himself.
In 1495, to settle a dispute with his second cousin, Jean IV de Rieux, over their grandmothers' inheritance, he ceded to Jean the county of Harcourt and its appurtenances, retaining only Elbeuf and Brionne, and receiving the county of Aumale.[2]
René fell ill during a hunt in Fains, and died in December 1508.
Family and children
On his mother's side, he was a grandson of Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. His father was a member of the Vaudémont family, a junior branch of the Lorraine ducal family, descending from John I, Duke of Lorraine. He was thus both heir-general and heir-male to the Duchy when he succeeded on the death of his cousin Nicholas in 1473.
On 9 September 1471 he married Jeanne d'Harcourt (d. 1488), Countess of Tancarville, but the marriage was annulled in 1485.
René married Phillipa of Guelders, daughter of Adolf, Duke of Guelders, in Orléans on 1 September 1485 and had the following children:
- Charles (b. 17 August 1486, Nancy), d. young
- Francis (5 July 1487, Pont-à-Mousson) (died at birth)
- Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (1489–1544)
- Nicholas (9 April 1493, Nancy), d. young
- Claude, Duke of Guise (1496–1550), first Duke of Guise
- John, Cardinal of Lorraine and Bishop of Metz (1498–1550)
- Louis, Count of Vaudémont (1500–1528)
- Francis, Count of Lambesc (1506–1525)
- Anne (19 December 1490, Bar-le-Duc – 1491)
- Isabelle (2 November 1494, Lunéville – bef. 1508)
- Claude and Catherine (twins) (24 November 1502, Bar-le-Duc), d. young
See also
Notes
- ↑ Monter 2007, pp. 23–24.
- ↑ Carroll 1998, pp. 17–19.
Sources
- Lepage, Henri (1884). "La guerre de Sedan: Episode du règne de René II (1493–1496)". Mémoires de la Société d'archéologie lorraine. 3 34: 183–224.
- Monter, E. William (2007). A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477–1736. Paris: Librairie Droz.
- Poull, Georges (1977). La maison ducale de Bar: les premiers comtes de Bar (1033–1239). Rupt-sur-Moselle: Poull.
- Carroll, Stuart (1998). Noble Power during the French Wars of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62404-5. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
| Titles of nobility | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Frederick II |
Count of Vaudémont 1470–1508 |
Succeeded by Antoine |
| Preceded by Nicholas I |
Duke of Lorraine with Yolande 1473–1483 1473–1508 | |
| Vacant Title last held by Nicholas I |
Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson 1480–1508 | |
| Preceded by Yolande |
Duke of Bar 1483–1508 | |
| French nobility | ||
| Preceded by John |
Count of Harcourt 1473–1495 |
Succeeded by Jean IV |
| Baron of Elbeuf 1473–1508 |
Succeeded by Claude | |
| Preceded by Jean IV |
Count of Aumale 1495–1508 | |
| Preceded by Charlotte |
Count of Guise 1504–1508 | |