Remittances to India
Remittances to India are money transfers from Non-resident Indians (NRIs), employed outside the country to family, friends or relatives in India. India is the world's leading receiver of remittances, claiming more than 12% of the world's remittances in 2007.[1]
Remittances to India stood at $67.6 billion in 2012-13, accounts for over 4% of the country's GDP.[2][3][4] This grew to $70 billion in 2013-14, the highest amongst the countries receiving remittances from overseas workers.[5] As per the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA), remittance is received from the approximately 25 million members of the Indian diaspora.[4]
Overview
Under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) of 1999, Non Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) can open and maintain three types of accounts namely, Non-Resident Ordinary Rupee Account (NRO Account), Non-Resident (External) Rupee Account (NRE Account) and Foreign Currency Non Resident (Bank) Account – FCNR (B) Account.[6]
Since 1991, India has experienced sharp remittance growth. In 1991 Indian remittances were valued at 2.1 billion USD;[3][7] in 2006, they were estimated at between $22 billion[8] and $25.7 billion.[2] which grew to $67.6 billion in 2012-13, up from $66.1 billion the fiscal year, 2011-2012,[4] when the remittance exceed the foreign direct investment(FDI) inflow of $46.84 billion into India.[9]
Money is sent to India either electronically (for example, by SWIFT) or by demand draft. In recent years many banks are offering money transfers and this has grown into a huge business. Around 40% of the international remittances flow to the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh which are among the top international remittance-dependent economies of the world.[9][10] Research work on remittances to India is listed in the India Migration Bibliography.[11]
A 2012 study, by Reserve Bank of India revealed 30.8% of total foreign remittances was from West Asia, compared to 29.4% from North America and 19.5% from Europe.[9]
Remittance by fiscal year
The following table illustrates the remittances to India as percent of GDP, 1980–1991 to 2005–2010.[12][13]
Year | Remittances
(US$ billion) |
Percent GDP |
---|---|---|
1990–1991 | 2.1 | 0.7 |
1995–1996 | 8.5 | 3.22 |
1999–2000 | 12.07 | 2.72 |
2000–2001 | 12.85 | 2.84 |
2001–2002 | 15.4 | 3.29 |
2002–2003 | 16.39 | 3.39 |
2003–2004 | 21.61 | 3.69 |
2004–2005 | 20.25 | 3.03 |
2005–2006 | 24.55 (projected) | 3.08 |
2006–2007 | 29.10 | |
2007–2008 | 37.2 | |
2008–2009 | 51.6 | |
2009–2010 | 55.06 | |
2011–2012 | 66.1 [9] | 4% [9] |
2012–2013 | 67.6 [4] | |
2013-2014 | 70 [5] |
1 United States dollar = 60 Indian rupees
See also
References
- ↑ "India has the largest share in world remittances market". Ecommerce Journal. 2008-09-10.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Remittances from Indians abroad push India to the top". www.nrirealtynews.com. 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gupta, Poonam (2005-12-01). Macroeconomic Determinants of Remittances: Evidence from India. International Monetary Fund. ISBN 9781451862430. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Remittances from Indian diaspora on the rise". The Economic Times. Feb 19, 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "India tops global remittances list; received $70 billion in 2013: World Bank". The Economic Times. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ↑ "Facilities for Non Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs)". Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
- ↑ Chishti, Muzaffar (February 2007). "The Rise in Remittances to India: A Closer Look". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
- ↑ "Remittances to India touch $22 billion". The Financial Express. 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "NRIs beat FDI, keep the money coming". Hindustan Times. October 8, 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
- ↑ Tumbe, Chinmay (March 2011). "Remittances in India: Facts and Issues". IIMB Working Paper No. 331. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
- ↑ Tumbe, Chinmay (July 2012). "India Migration Bibliography". Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
- ↑ Chishti, Muzaffar (February 2007). "The Rise in Remittances to India: A Closer Look". Migration Information Source. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
- ↑ "Figure 4. Remittances to India, 1970 to 2008". Migration Information Source. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04d=. Retrieved 2011-07-28. Check date values in:
|archivedate=
(help)
External links
|
|