Remingtonocetidae

Remingtonocetidae
Temporal range: Early-Middle Eocene, 49–43Ma
Kutchicetus
Remingtonocetus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cetacea
Suborder: Archaeoceti
Family: Remingtonocetidae
Kumar & Sahni 1986
Genera

See text

Remingtonocetidae is a diverse family of early aquatic mammals of the order Cetacea, endemic to the coastline of the ancient Tethys Ocean during the Eocene (present-day Pakistan and India).[1] The name of the family was derived from the genus Remingtonocetus which was named after paleocetologist Remington Kellogg.[1]

Description

Remingtonocetids have long and narrow skulls with the external nare openings located on the front of the skull. Their frontal shields are narrow and their orbits small. Their mouth has a convex palate and an incompletely fused mandibular symphysis. The dental formula is 3.1.4.33.1.4.3. The anterior teeth are flattened mediolaterally, making them appear shark-like.[2]

In the postcranial skeleton, the cervical vertebrae are relatively long and the sacrum is composed of four vertebrae of which at least three are fused. The acetabular notch is narrow or closed and on the femoral head the fovea is absent.[2]

Skeleton of Kutchicetus minimus

Cranial fossils are common but dental remains are rare. The postcrania morphology is based entirely on a single specimen of Kutchicetus which was small and had a long and muscular back and tail. Perhaps Remintonocetids swam like the South American giant otter which swims with its long flat tail.[3]

With long and low bodies, relatively short limbs, their elongated rostrum, Remingtonocetids looked like mammalian crocodiles, more so than Ambulocetus. They could both walk on land and swim in the water and most likely lived in a near-shore habitat. At least one genus, Dalanistes, had a marine diet.[1]

Remingtonocetids are often found in association with catfish and crocodilians, as well as protocetid whales and sirenians. They were probably independent of freshwater.[3]

Taxonomy

Remingtonocetidae was established by Kumar & Sahni 1986. It was considered monophyletic by Uhen 2010. It was assigned to Odontoceti by Benton 1993; to Remingtonocetoidea by Mitchell 1989 and Rice 1998; to Archaeoceti by Bianucci & Landini 2007; to Archaeoceti by Kumar & Sahni 1986, Fordyce & Barnes 1994, Fordyce, Barnes & Miyazaki 1995, McKenna & Bell 1997, Fordyce & Muizon 2001, Gingerich et al. 2001, Fordyce 2003, Geisler & Sanders 2003 and McLeod & Barnes 2008 and to Cetacea by Thewissen, Williams & Hussain 2001, Uhen 2010 and Thewissen & Bajpai 2009.[4]

Genera

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Uhen 2010, p. 203
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gingerich et al. 2001, pp. 285–7
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Thewissen & Williams 2002, p. 80
  4. ↑ Remingtonocetidae in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved February 2013

References

  • Benton, Micheal J. (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Springer. ISBN 9780412393808.
  • Bianucci, Giovanni; Landini, Walter (2007). Miller, Debra L., ed. "Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetacea: Whales, Porpoises and Dolphins". Science Publishers. pp. 35–93. doi:10.1201/b11001-3. ISBN 978-1-4398-4257-7. OCLC 646769361. |chapter= ignored (help)
  • Fordyce, R. Ewan (2003). "Cetacean evolution and Eocene-Oligocene oceans revisited". From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 154–170. ISBN 9780231127165. OCLC 50116197.
  • Fordyce, R. Ewan; Barnes, Lawrence G. (1994). "The evolutionary history of whales and dolphins". In George W; Albee, Arden L; Burke, K. Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences 22. pp. 419–55. ISBN 9780824320225. OCLC 30676887.