Red flour beetle
| Red flour beetle | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Tenebrionidae |
| Genus: | Tribolium |
| Species: | T. castaneum |
| Binomial name | |
| Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) | |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Tribolium castaneum |
The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) is a species of beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles. It is a worldwide pest of stored products, particularly food grains, and a model organism for ethological and food safety[1] research.
The red flour beetle attacks stored grain and other food products, including flour, cereals, pasta, biscuits, beans, and nuts, causing loss and damage. It may cause an allergic response but is not known to spread disease or cause damage to structures or furniture. The United Nations, in a recent post-harvest compendium, estimated that Tribolium castaneum & Tribolium confusum, the confused flour beetle, are “the two most common secondary pests of all plant commodities in store throughout the world.”[2]
The red flour beetle is of Indo-Australian origin and less able to survive outdoors than the closely related species Tribolium confusum. It has, as a consequence, a more southern distribution, though both species are worldwide in heated environments. The adult is long-lived, sometimes living more than three years. Although previously regarded as a relatively sedentary insect, it has been shown in molecular and ecological research to disperse considerable distances by flight.[3]
This species closely resembles the confused flour beetle, except with three clubs at the end of each of its antennae.
See also
- Home stored product entomology
- Flour beetle
References
- ↑ Grünwald, S. et al. (2013). "The Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum as a Model to Monitor Food Safety and Functionality". Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 135: 111–122. doi:10.1007/10_2013_212. PMID 23748350.
- ↑ Sallam, M.N. (2008). "Insect damage: damage on post-harvest". In compendium on post-harvest operations.
- ↑ Ridley, A. et al. (2011). "The spatiotemporal dynamics of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst): adult flight and gene flow". Molecular Ecology 20 (8). doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05049.x.
External links
- Tribolium castaneum genome. Beetlebase.
- Tribolium species comparison.
- Confused and red flour beetles. University of Florida IFAS.
Further reading
- Granousky, T. A. 1997. "Stored Product Pests". In: Handbook of Pest Control, 8th Ed. Hedges, S.A. and D. Moreland (editors). Mallis Handbook and Technical Training Company.