Red Star Line
The Red Star Line was an ocean passenger line founded in 1871 as a joint venture between the International Navigation Company of Philadelphia, which also ran the American Line, and the Société Anonyme de Navigation Belgo-Américaine of Antwerp, Belgium. The company's main ports of call were Antwerp[1] in Belgium, Liverpool and Southampton[1] in the United Kingdom and New York City[1] and Philadelphia in the United States. The company operated until 1935 when, due to the economic depression they ceased trading and its assets were eventually sold to the Holland-America Line.
Owners
The company was founded by Clement Griscom, who led it from its founding until the International Mercantile Marine Co. took it over in 1902. Red Star Line survived IMM's financial crisis in 1915. In the 1930s Red Star Line was part of Arnold Bernstein Line.[1]
Heritage
In the city of Antwerp, the former warehouses of the Red Star Line were recently landmarked and reopened as a museum on September 28, 2013 by the City of Antwerp.[2] The main focus of the museum are the travel stories that could be retrieved through relatives of the some two million Red Star Line passengers.[3][4] In the exhibition the visitor follows the land movers' tracks from the travel agency in Warsaw until their arrival in New York. The works of art of the Red Star Line emigrants made by the Antwerp artist Eugeen Van Mieghem (1875-1930) will be exhibited there, next to Red Star Line memorabilia of the collection of Robert Vervoort.[2][5]
About a fourth of the some two million Red Star Line migrants were Jews, largely from Eastern Europe until the exodus driven by the rise of Nazi Germany, that included a number of famous persons including regular passenger Albert Einstein.[3][6] On learning of the Nazi confiscation of his possessions Einstein chose not to return and wrote his letter of resignation, a part of the museum exhibit, from the Prussian Academy of Sciences on the line's stationary.[4] Other notable emigrants included the five-year-old Irving Berlin.[4]
Ships
Red Star Line ships had a black funnel with a white band bearing a five-pointed red star.[1] The house flag was a white burgee with a red star.[1]
Some Red Star ships were given names ending in "-land". Notable Red Star ships included:
- Abbotsford chartered from Gourlay Brothers, Dundee, in 1874.
- Adria chartered from the Hamburg America Line in 1899.
- Arabic chartered from the White Star Line from 1926-1929.
- Belgenland (1878) sold to Italy in 1905 and renamed SS Venere.
- Belgenland (1914) completed as troopship Belgic for White Star Line. Transferred to Panama Pacific Line, renamed Columbia.
- Berlin chartered from American Line for 7 voyages 1895-1898.
- Cambroman chartered from the Dominion Line for 4 voyages 1907.
- Conemaugh was the SS Sacrobosso. Purchased in 1890 after salvage. 1897 transferred to New York - Seattle trade, 1904 went missing at sea.
- Finland
- Friesland Sold to Italy in 1911 and renamed La Plata.
- Gothland Bought in 1908 from White Star Line, renamed from Gothic. Transferred in 1911 to White Star Line's Australia service and name reverted to Gothic. Transferred again in 1913 to Red Star Line and name changed to Gothland. Scrapped in 1913.
- Kroonland
- Lapland
- Pennland Launched in 1922[1] for American Line as SS Pittsburgh. Sold to Red Star Line in 1935 and renamed Pennland. Served as Allied troop ship in the Battle of Dakar in 1942.
- Rhynland Sold to Italy in 1906, renamed Rhyna and scrapped.
- Rusland, built as Kenilworth in 1872 for American Line. Purchased in 1877, ran aground on Long Island on 19 March 1877, subsequently broke in two and declared a total loss.[7]
- Vaderland (1872). Sold to France in 1879 and renamed Geographique.
- Vaderland (1900). Renamed Southland in 1915. 1917 torpedoed and sunk off Irish coast; loss of 4 lives.
- Westernland (1884). Built by Laird Bros. in Birkenhead, England; steel hull; tonnage: 5,736; 440 feet in length and 47 feet in width; single-screw propeller; compound engines; 4 masts and 2 funnels; speed: 14 1/2 knots. An early steamship to be built of steel. She sailed in Antwerp, Belgium to New York service. In 1901 she was transferred to Liverpool to Philadelphia service for the American Line. She was scrapped in 1912.
- Westernland (1918) Launched in 1918[1] for White Star Line as Regina. Transferred to Red Star Line in 1930 and renamed Westernland.[8] Albert Einstein traveled to the United States aboard Westernland in 1933 and remained after learning Nazis had confiscated his possessions.[4] Transferred to Bernstein Red Star Line of Hamburg in 1935. Served as Allied troop ship in the Battle of Dakar in 1940.[8]
- Zeeland (1865). Bought as SSJava from Cunard Line in 1878. Sold to France in 1889.
- Zeeland (1901). Launched 1900 and remained at Red Star until World War I 1914.
Funnels of the «Red Star Line»'s steamers
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Funnels of the «Red Star Line»'s steamers from 1873.[1]
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Funnels of the «Red Star Line»'s steamers from 1884.
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Funnels of the «Inman Line»'s steamers up to 1893 and «Red Star Line»'s steamers from 1893.
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Funnels of the «American Line»'s steamers - white stripe on the funnels was thinner than white stripe on the funnels of «Inman Line» and «Red Star Line».
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Harnackwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
The pictures shown below are from a Red Star Line brochure that agents based in the United States and Canada gave out to potential passengers.
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Smoke Room - Second Class - Finland
Red Star Line offices:
- Main Office - 9 Broadway, New York
- Boston - 84 State Street
- Chicago - 90-96 Dearborn Street
- Minneapolis - 121 S. Third Street
- Montreal - 118 W. Notre Dame Street
- New Orleans - 219 St. Charles Street
- Philadelphia - 1319 Walnut Street
- Portland, Maine - 1 India Street
- San Francisco - 319 Geary Street
- Seattle - 709 Second Avenue
- St. Louis - 900 Locust Street
- Toronto - 41 E. King Street
- Washington - 1306 N.W. F Street
- Winnipeg - 205 McDermot Avenue
In popular culture
The Red Star Lines appear in the Mario Puzo's The Godfather Part II when the young Vito Corleone arrives in New-York. His identification badge is from the Red Star Lines company.
The Paris football club Red Star FC are named after the Red Star Line, on which the club's founder Jules Rimet's English housekeeper had travelled.
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Harnack, 1938, page 566
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The Red Star Line Museum: History". Retrieved April 16, 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The Red Star Line Museum in a Nutshell". Retrieved April 16, 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Museum tells of ships that took Jews to US". Retrieved April 15, 2014.
- ↑ "The Red Star Line Museum: Why Visit". Retrieved April 16, 2014.
- ↑ "The Red Star Line Museum: Stories Now and Then". Retrieved April 16, 2014.
- ↑ "Belgian Merchant H-O". Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "SS Regina". Retrieved April 15, 2014.
Bibliography
- Flayhart, William. The American Line. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04710-5.
- Harnack, Edwin P (1938) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (7th ed.). London: Faber and Faber. p. 566.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red Star Line. |
- Red Star Line (the ultimate resource
- Red Star Line Museum official website
- The Guardian: Across the Atlantic with the Red Star Line – in pictures – from the Red Star Line Museum
- Red Star Line, People on the move, (in Flemish)
- Gjenvick/Gjønvik Archives: Passenger Lists from the Westbound Voyages of the Red Star Line
- The Eugeen Van Mieghem Museum